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M - Yr 3 Anatomy (Megan) > Breast Anatomy > Flashcards

Breast Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

When do the mammary crests/milk lines appear on the foetus?

A

4th week

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2
Q

What type of gland is the breast?

A

Exocrine gland.
Modified sweat gland.
Tubulo-acinar gland.

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3
Q

How many breast lobes are on each breast?

A

15-25

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4
Q

How many women see malignant changes in the breast?

A

1 in 10.

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5
Q

What is the function of breasts?

A

Female - secondary sexual feature.

Male - present in rudimentary form

Neonates - source of nutrition

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6
Q

What does the lactiferous duct become?

A

Closer to the nipple it dilates to become the lactiferous sinus.

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7
Q

What determines breast size and shape?

A

Genetics
Diet
racial

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8
Q

Which ribs do the breasts overlie?

A

2nd or 3rd rib - 6th rib. (costal cartilages)

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9
Q

What are the lateral borders of the breasts

A

Medial - sternal edge.
Lateral - mid-axillary line

Axillary tail - extends up into the axillary fossa.

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10
Q

Which muscles does the breast overlie?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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11
Q

Which glands produce milk?

A

Mammary glands.

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12
Q

Which muscle does the nipple possess?

A

Smooth muscle fibres.

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13
Q

Which glands are present in the areola?

A

Sebaceous glands - these enlarge during pregnancy.

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14
Q

What do the sebaceous glands produce?

A

An oily substance

  • it sterilises the breast
  • it tells the neonate where the nipple is located
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15
Q

What is in the mammary gland?

A

Lots of alveoli, drained by a SINGLE lactiferous duct

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16
Q

What are the name of the suspensory ligaments?

A

Ligaments of Cooper. These often change in malignancy, giving the breast an altered appearance.

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17
Q

Where do the suspensory ligaments attach to?

A

The pectorals fascia (flat sheet of connective tissue) - which overlies the pectoralis major muscle.

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18
Q

What is the arterial supply to the breast?

A

Medial - internal thoracic/mammary artery.

Lateral - lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries, lateral mammary branches, mammary branch

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19
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the breast?

A
  • axillary (75%), (lateral quadrants)
  • parasternal (20%)
  • posterior intercostal (5%)
  • can also drain into opposite breast or directly to supraclavicular or inferior cervical nodes
20
Q

Where does the lymph from skin of the breast go?

A
  • skin - axillary lymph nodes

- nipple and areola - subareolar lymphatic plexus

21
Q

What is the nerve supply fo the breast?

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th to 6th intercostal nerves.

^ This contains sensory and autonomic nerves.

22
Q

Which hormones control milk production and secretion?

A
  • oxytocin (posterior)
  • prolactin (anterior)

from pituitary gland.

23
Q

Which Fascia does the breast lie on?

A

2/3rds lies on the pectoralis major fascia.

1/3rds lies on the serratus anterior fascia.

24
Q

What are the main features of the nipple?

A
  • 4th intercostal space (variable)
  • lactiferous ducts open into them
  • connective tissue, elastic fibres and smooth muscle
25
Q

What are the main features of the areola?

A
  • contains lots of sweat and sebaceous glands
  • enlarge/pigment during pregnancy and lactation
  • oily substance provides protective lubricant
26
Q

What causes erection of the nipple?

A

Contraction of the band of smooth muscle surrounding the nipple

27
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the breast?

A
  • superiomedial
  • inferiomedial
  • inferiolateral
  • superiolateral (+ axillary tail)
28
Q

What is the male breast anatomy?

A

Has small ducts but NO LOBULES OR ALVEOLI.

29
Q

What happens to male breasts during puberty?

A

2/3rds of males develop varying hyperplasia of the breasts

30
Q

What is an extra breast called?

A

Polymastia

31
Q

What is an extra nipple called?

A

Polythelia

32
Q

What causes an extra breast or nipple?

A

persistence of the breast one

33
Q

What is absence of the nipple called?

A

Athelia

34
Q

What is absence of the breast called?

A

Amastia

35
Q

What is the venous drainage of the breast?

A

Medial - internal thoracic vein

Lateral - axillary vein

36
Q

Where does the sympathetic nerve innervation for the breasts blood vessels come from?

A

The cervical sympathetic chain.

37
Q

What is the first draining lymph node in the breast?

A

The sentinel node - this is tested during pathology. If the node isn’t involved, the tumour hasn’t spread.

38
Q

What is the excretory part of the breast?

A

Duct system.

39
Q

What is the secretory part of the breast?

A

Acini.

40
Q

What type of cells surround the ducts and acini?

A

Epithelial and myoepithelial cells (they squeeze the secretion that’s in the acini by contracting).

41
Q

What are the milk parts of the breast called?

A

Lobes, acini/alveoli, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinus.

42
Q

What happens to the breast during puberty?

A

Before - lactiferous ducts but no alveoli/acini.

Puberty - branching of lactiferous ducts, alveoli, lipids and adipocytes.

43
Q

What happens to the breast post menopausal?

A
  • Progressive atrophy of lobules and ducts

- fatty replacement of glandular tissue

44
Q

In histology, how can you tell the difference between the fat and acinar cells?

A

Both white:

  • fat - not lined by epithelium
  • acini - lined by epithelium, can also see the secretions in the acini.
45
Q

What is colostrum?

A

protein rich fluid available a few days after birth - maternal antibodies, laxatives and low fat.

M - Yr 3 Anatomy (Megan) (7 decks)

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