Perineum

Question 1

Describe the location and general function of the perineum

Answer 1

• shallow, narrow compartment
• inferior to pelvic floor muscles/fascia
• supports openings from pelvic floor

Question 2

name the boundaries and contents of the male and female perineum

Answer 2

legs abducted=

1. pubic symphysis
2. ischiopubic rami
3. ischial tuberosities
4. sacrotuberous lig
5. sacrum/coccyx

includes genitals and anus

Question 3

relate the anatomy of perineal muscles to incontinence

Answer 3

stress incontinence:

• small volume leakage of urine with coughing, sneaking, exercise
• endurance not power

etiology:

• poor urethral support from pelvic floor muscles
• continous dripping can occur from incomplete closure of urethra due to atrophy or post-surgical changes

Question 4

describe the general nerve supply to perineum

Answer 4

F & M: ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, genital branch, pudendal, posterior femoral cutaneous
F: labial branch

Question 5

what is the surface anatomy of a female

Answer 5

1. vulva
2. mons pubis
3. labia minora
4. labia majora
5. clitoris
6. vaginal opening
7. urethral opening
8. anus

Question 6

describe the ischioanal fossa including contents

Answer 6

• fat pads and loose connective tissue
• found in anal triangle, offers support to rectum

pudendal canal:
-internal pudendal a, pudendal n

outside canal:
-inferior rectal a and n

Question 7

what are urinary incontinence risk factors

Answer 7

1. pregnancy and post partum (even w c section)
2. vaginal delivery
3. forceps delivery
4. increased parity (x being pregnant)
5. increased BMI
6. operative trauma and urethral scarring

Question 8

what is an ischioanal abcess

Answer 8

infection, collection of puss

• anal sinus inflammation
• anal membrane tear (feces)
• anal penetrating wound

posterior communication, horseshoe shaped

Question 9

what is the male external genitalia

Answer 9

1. distal urethra
2. penis
3. scrotum
4. urogenital triangle

Question 10

what is the course of the pudendal nerve

Answer 10

descends vertically through sciatic foramina

around pelvic floor

Question 11

what are the branches of the pudendal n

Answer 11

1. micturition (urination)
2. defecation (feces)
3. parturition (childbirth)
4. erection
5. ejaculation

Question 12

how does erection happen

Answer 12

-smooth muscles of corpora cavernosa relax

Question 13

how does ejaculation happen

Answer 13

-contraction of internal genital organs

symp L1-2, lumbar splanchnics to hypogastric plexus

Question 14

what is the ductus deferens

Answer 14

-conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct

Question 15

what is the ejaculatory duct

Answer 15

where ductus deferens and seminal glands terminate

Question 16

what are seminal glands

Answer 16

contribue 85% of the ejaculate volume

-coagulating proteins, fructose, etc

Question 17

what is the prostate

Answer 17

pyramidal shaped fibromuscular gland surround prostatic urethra

• contributes to alkaline fluid
• size of walnut
• inferior to urinary bladder

Question 18

what are bulbourethral glands

Answer 18

-small glands that have lubricating function with secretions into spongy urethra