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Clinical Anatomy 2 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the abdomen

A

flexible container for the abdominal organs

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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the abdomen

A

anterior: abdominal wall
posterior: vertebral column
superior: diaphargm
inferior: pelvic inlet

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3
Q

what are the functions of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • support trunk
  • support abdominal viscera
  • manage intra-abdominal pressure during respiration
  • move the trunk and maintain posture
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4
Q

explain the layers of the rectus sheath

A 
anterior= external oblique and internal oblique
posterior= internal oblique and transverse abdominis
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5
Q

explain the significance fo the arcuate line

A
  • shows the transiition between the aponeurotic posterior rectus sheath and the transversalis fascia
  • inferior epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis
  • forms passageway for vassculature to come out and into the muscle
  • passageway for blood supply to reach rectus abominis
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6
Q

desceribe the anatomy of the inguinal canal including its contents in male and females

A
  • parallel to inguinal ligament
  • openings called rings
  • occupied by: spermatic cord males and round ligament females
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7
Q

describe the division of hte abdomen into quadrants

A

R lower quadrant= apendicitis localiation
horz=through umbilicus
vertical=line down midline of body

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8
Q

what is the floor of the inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament reinforced medially by lacunar ligament

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9
Q

what is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

external oblique aponeurosis reinforced laterally by internal oblique

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10
Q

what is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

transversalis fascia reinforced by conjoint tendon

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11
Q

what is an inguinal hernia

A

very common

  • abdominal contents protrude through abdominal wall
  • protrusion of peritoneal sac through weakened abdominal wall
  • can be caused by: obesity, aging, genetics, being male, certain ocupations
  • viscera can become trapped and twisted, compromising blood supply- tissue dies and becomes necrotic
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12
Q

what is an indirect inguinal hernia

A
  • bowel passes lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
  • congenital
  • most common >66%
  • deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, superficial ring
  • same pathway as spermatic cord and leads to content ending up in scrotum
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13
Q

what is a direct inguinal hernia

A
  • bowel passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels
  • acquired
  • least common <33%
  • superficial inguinal ring
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14
Q

What are the attachments of the diaphargm

A

xiphoid process, inner surface lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial/lateral artcuate ligaments, lumbar vertebrae via crura to central tendon

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15
Q

what are the actions of the diaphragm

A

inspiration

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16
Q

what is the innervation of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve c3-5

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17
Q

what is the attachments of the external abdominal oblique

A

lower 8 ribs to iliac crest and rectus sheath

TL fascia attachment as well?

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18
Q

what is the actions of external oblique

A
  • compression abdominal cavity

- ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation

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19
Q

what is the innervation of external oblique

A

ventral rami T7-12

20
Q

what are the attachments of internal oblique

A

thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest and rectus sheath

21
Q

what are the actions of internal oblique

A
  • compression abdominal cavity

- flexion and rotation of trunk

22
Q

what is the innervation of internal oblique

A

lower throacic and L1 ventral rami T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal ventral rami

23
Q

what are the attachments of QL

A

12th rib and transverrse process of L1-L4 to iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest

24
Q

what are the actions of QL

A
  • extension and lat flexion of trunk

- fixes 12 rib during respiration

25
Q

what is the innervation of QL

A

lumbar plexus ventral rami T12-L3

26
Q

what are the attachments of rectus abdominis

A

xiphoid process and adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 to pubic crest

27
Q

what are the actions of rectus abd

A

flexion of trunk

compression of abdominal cavity

28
Q

what is the innervation of rectus abd

A

lower thoracic ventral rami T5-12

29
Q

what are the attachments of transversus abdominis

A

lower 6 costal cartilages and thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest and rectus sheath

30
Q

what are the actions of transverse abdominis

A

compression of abdominal cavity

31
Q

what are the innverations of transverse abdominis

A

lower thoracic T7-12

ventral divisions

32
Q

what are the attachments of cremaster

A

medial edge of internal oblique to spermatic cord

33
Q

what are the actions of cremaster

A

elevation of testis

34
Q

what is the innervation of cremaster

A

genitofemoral nerve

35
Q

describe the organization of the greater sac

A

main abdominal cavity

36
Q

describe the organization of the lesser sac

A
  • extension of the greater sac
  • also called omental bursa or diverticulum
  • a side chamber that has pushed its way to the side away from the main cavity
  • posterior to the stomach
37
Q

describe the mesenteries

A
  • double layer of peritoneum

- provides conduit for neurovascular supply between organ and body wall

38
Q

what is the omental foramen

A

where the greater sac turns into the lesser sac

39
Q

what is the falciform ligament

A

extends from liver to posterior surface of anterior abdominal wall
-inferiorly, encloses round ligament of liver

40
Q

what is intraperitoneal

A
  • organs are enclosed by visceral peritoneum

- suspended by mestenteries

41
Q

what is retroperitoneal

A

primary: never had mesentery and posterior
kidneys and suprarenal glands

secondary: were previously intraperitoneal but mesentery fused during development
duodenum (ascending, horz, desecnding)
colon (asecnd and descend 
pancreas
rectum upper 2/3
42
Q

list the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. skin
  2. campers fascia (fatty)
  3. scarpas fascia (membrane)
  4. EAO
  5. IAO
  6. TA
  7. transversalis fascia
  8. extraperitoneal adipose
  9. parietal peritoneum
43
Q

describe the innervation of the skin of the abdomen via T7-12 spinal nerves

A

segmental innervation
T7-11: thoracoabdominal n
T12= subcostal

44
Q

name the compoisition of the portal triad

A
  • common bile duct
  • hepatic artery proper
  • hepatic portal vein
45
Q

how do you get from the liver to the IVC?

A
  1. hepatic portal vein
  2. sinusoids
  3. central vein
  4. hepatic vein
  5. IVC
  6. RA

Clinical Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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