Abdomen Flashcards
what is the function of the abdomen
flexible container for the abdominal organs
what are the boundaries of the abdomen
anterior: abdominal wall
posterior: vertebral column
superior: diaphargm
inferior: pelvic inlet
what are the functions of the anterior abdominal wall
- support trunk
- support abdominal viscera
- manage intra-abdominal pressure during respiration
- move the trunk and maintain posture
explain the layers of the rectus sheath
anterior= external oblique and internal oblique posterior= internal oblique and transverse abdominis
explain the significance fo the arcuate line
- shows the transiition between the aponeurotic posterior rectus sheath and the transversalis fascia
- inferior epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis
- forms passageway for vassculature to come out and into the muscle
- passageway for blood supply to reach rectus abominis
desceribe the anatomy of the inguinal canal including its contents in male and females
- parallel to inguinal ligament
- openings called rings
- occupied by: spermatic cord males and round ligament females
describe the division of hte abdomen into quadrants
R lower quadrant= apendicitis localiation
horz=through umbilicus
vertical=line down midline of body
what is the floor of the inguinal canal
inguinal ligament reinforced medially by lacunar ligament
what is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
external oblique aponeurosis reinforced laterally by internal oblique
what is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
transversalis fascia reinforced by conjoint tendon
what is an inguinal hernia
very common
- abdominal contents protrude through abdominal wall
- protrusion of peritoneal sac through weakened abdominal wall
- can be caused by: obesity, aging, genetics, being male, certain ocupations
- viscera can become trapped and twisted, compromising blood supply- tissue dies and becomes necrotic
what is an indirect inguinal hernia
- bowel passes lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
- congenital
- most common >66%
- deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, superficial ring
- same pathway as spermatic cord and leads to content ending up in scrotum
what is a direct inguinal hernia
- bowel passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels
- acquired
- least common <33%
- superficial inguinal ring
What are the attachments of the diaphargm
xiphoid process, inner surface lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial/lateral artcuate ligaments, lumbar vertebrae via crura to central tendon
what are the actions of the diaphragm
inspiration
what is the innervation of diaphragm
phrenic nerve c3-5
what is the attachments of the external abdominal oblique
lower 8 ribs to iliac crest and rectus sheath
TL fascia attachment as well?
what is the actions of external oblique
- compression abdominal cavity
- ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
what is the innervation of external oblique
ventral rami T7-12
what are the attachments of internal oblique
thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest and rectus sheath
what are the actions of internal oblique
- compression abdominal cavity
- flexion and rotation of trunk
what is the innervation of internal oblique
lower throacic and L1 ventral rami T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal ventral rami
what are the attachments of QL
12th rib and transverrse process of L1-L4 to iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest
what are the actions of QL
- extension and lat flexion of trunk
- fixes 12 rib during respiration
what is the innervation of QL
lumbar plexus ventral rami T12-L3
what are the attachments of rectus abdominis
xiphoid process and adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 to pubic crest
what are the actions of rectus abd
flexion of trunk
compression of abdominal cavity
what is the innervation of rectus abd
lower thoracic ventral rami T5-12
what are the attachments of transversus abdominis
lower 6 costal cartilages and thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest and rectus sheath
what are the actions of transverse abdominis
compression of abdominal cavity
what are the innverations of transverse abdominis
lower thoracic T7-12
ventral divisions
what are the attachments of cremaster
medial edge of internal oblique to spermatic cord
what are the actions of cremaster
elevation of testis
what is the innervation of cremaster
genitofemoral nerve
describe the organization of the greater sac
main abdominal cavity
describe the organization of the lesser sac
- extension of the greater sac
- also called omental bursa or diverticulum
- a side chamber that has pushed its way to the side away from the main cavity
- posterior to the stomach
describe the mesenteries
- double layer of peritoneum
- provides conduit for neurovascular supply between organ and body wall
what is the omental foramen
where the greater sac turns into the lesser sac
what is the falciform ligament
extends from liver to posterior surface of anterior abdominal wall
-inferiorly, encloses round ligament of liver
what is intraperitoneal
- organs are enclosed by visceral peritoneum
- suspended by mestenteries
what is retroperitoneal
primary: never had mesentery and posterior
kidneys and suprarenal glands
secondary: were previously intraperitoneal but mesentery fused during development duodenum (ascending, horz, desecnding) colon (asecnd and descend pancreas rectum upper 2/3
list the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from superficial to deep
- skin
- campers fascia (fatty)
- scarpas fascia (membrane)
- EAO
- IAO
- TA
- transversalis fascia
- extraperitoneal adipose
- parietal peritoneum
describe the innervation of the skin of the abdomen via T7-12 spinal nerves
segmental innervation
T7-11: thoracoabdominal n
T12= subcostal
name the compoisition of the portal triad
- common bile duct
- hepatic artery proper
- hepatic portal vein
how do you get from the liver to the IVC?
- hepatic portal vein
- sinusoids
- central vein
- hepatic vein
- IVC
- RA
