knee joint

Question 1

where does the fibrous capsule of the knee attach

Answer 1

margins of femoral condyles to the margins of the tibial condyles

Question 2

where does the tibial collateral lig (MCL) attach?

Answer 2

medial epicondyle of femur
medial condyle
shaft of the tibia deep to the sarorius and pes anserinus

Question 3

what does the tibial collateral lig do?

Answer 3

stabilizes medial aspect of joint/prevent abduction of tibia….
prevent knee valgus and IR

Question 4

where does the fibular collateral lig (LCL) attach?

Answer 4

lateral epicondyle of femur

anterior lateral aspect of fibular head

Question 5

what does the fibular collateral lig do

Answer 5

stabilizes lateral joint/prevents adduction of tibia

prevents knee varus and ER

Question 6

what does the ACL do

Answer 6

prevents anterior translation of tibia/post translation of femur
and prevents hyperextension of knee
-controlls rotational forces between tibia and femur

Question 7

where does ACL attach

Answer 7

• medial part anterior intercondylar area of tibia

- posterior part medial surface lateral condyle of femur

Question 8

where does the PCL attach

Answer 8

posterior intercondylar area of tibia

lateral surface medial condyle of femur

Question 9

what does the PCL do

Answer 9

prevents posterior translation of tibia/anterior translation of femur

Question 10

where does the medial meniscus attach

Answer 10

anterior and post region of intercondylar area of tibia

fibrous capsule at MCL

Question 11

where does lateral meniscus attach

Answer 11

anterior and post region of intercondylar area of tibia

Question 12

what do the menisci do

Answer 12

1. distribute compressive forces (aborsb shock)

2. increase contact area of tibiofemoral joint

Question 13

where does the patellar ligament attach

Answer 13

apex of patella to tibial tuberosity

Question 14

what does pateallar ligament do

Answer 14

• resists knee flexion

- serves as component for extensor mechanism for quadriceps muscle to extend tibia on femur

Question 15

where does the medial patellofemoral lig attach

Answer 15

proximal 50% of medial patealla

medial epicondyle of the femur

Question 16

what is the function of the medial patellofemoral lig

Answer 16

restraints against patellar lateral displacement

Question 17

where does the crural interosseus membrane attach

Answer 17

interosseus border of tibia

interosseus border of fibula

Question 18

ACL is ____ to the PCL

Answer 18

lateral

Question 19

explain the screw home mechanism

Answer 19

• the tibia ER as the knee reaches full extension
• provides increased stability to the knee through bony congruency and ligamentous tension
• due to larger medial femoral condyle, the tibia does this

Question 20

which muscle is the MCL attached to

Answer 20

semimembranosus through posterior oblique ligament

Question 21

which meniscus is larger

Answer 21

Medial C

Question 22

which meniscus is smaller

Answer 22

lateral O

Question 23

where is meniscal blood flow greatest?

Answer 23

peripheral 1/3

Question 24

where is meniscal blood flow least

Answer 24

central 1/3

Question 25

what are some things to consider wtih medial meniscus repair rehab

Answer 25

• femoral condyle imparts a sheer force in meniscus in WB beyond 115-120 of knee flexion
• hamstring contraction indirectly tugs on posterior horn of meniscus

Question 26

what kind of joint is the patellofemoral

Answer 26

planar

• posterior surface of patealla is covered with thick hyaline cartilage
• patealla slides within trochlear groove of femur

Question 27

what does the PFJ compressive forces do

Answer 27

• increase with degere of flexion angle at knee

- increase with quadriceps muscle force production

Question 28

explain the PFJ and contact area and pressure

Answer 28

• surface area of contact increases with flexion
• increased surface area results in reduced focal areas of pressure

so, for a pt that alcks articular gartilage on patealla or trochlear groove.. decrease ROM

Question 29

what is the patellofemoral motion during flexion

Answer 29

inferior glide

Question 30

what is the patellofemoral motion during extension

Answer 30

superior glide

Question 31

what are some patellar soft tissue restraints

Answer 31

• medial and lateral retinaculum

- medial patellofemoral lig

Question 32

what are 4 patellar instability anatomical factors

Answer 32

1. MPFL or retinacular deficinty
2. shallow trochlear groove
3. flat patella
4. patella alta

Question 33

what kind of joint is the prox superior tibiofibular jiont

Answer 33

planar

Question 34

what does the prox (superior) tibiofibular joint do with knee extension

Answer 34

glide posterior

Question 35

what does the prox (superior) tibiofibular joint do with knee flexion

Answer 35

glide anterior

Question 36

which strucutres attach to the fibular head that cross the knee joint and would result in forces across this joint

Answer 36

• biceps femoris tendon
• popliteus tendon
• LCL
• arcuate lig