knee joint Flashcards
where does the fibrous capsule of the knee attach
margins of femoral condyles to the margins of the tibial condyles
where does the tibial collateral lig (MCL) attach?
medial epicondyle of femur
medial condyle
shaft of the tibia deep to the sarorius and pes anserinus
what does the tibial collateral lig do?
stabilizes medial aspect of joint/prevent abduction of tibia….
prevent knee valgus and IR
where does the fibular collateral lig (LCL) attach?
lateral epicondyle of femur
anterior lateral aspect of fibular head
what does the fibular collateral lig do
stabilizes lateral joint/prevents adduction of tibia
prevents knee varus and ER
what does the ACL do
prevents anterior translation of tibia/post translation of femur
and prevents hyperextension of knee
-controlls rotational forces between tibia and femur
where does ACL attach
- medial part anterior intercondylar area of tibia
- posterior part medial surface lateral condyle of femur
where does the PCL attach
posterior intercondylar area of tibia
lateral surface medial condyle of femur
what does the PCL do
prevents posterior translation of tibia/anterior translation of femur
where does the medial meniscus attach
anterior and post region of intercondylar area of tibia
fibrous capsule at MCL
where does lateral meniscus attach
anterior and post region of intercondylar area of tibia
what do the menisci do
- distribute compressive forces (aborsb shock)
2. increase contact area of tibiofemoral joint
where does the patellar ligament attach
apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
what does pateallar ligament do
- resists knee flexion
- serves as component for extensor mechanism for quadriceps muscle to extend tibia on femur
where does the medial patellofemoral lig attach
proximal 50% of medial patealla
medial epicondyle of the femur
what is the function of the medial patellofemoral lig
restraints against patellar lateral displacement
where does the crural interosseus membrane attach
interosseus border of tibia
interosseus border of fibula
ACL is ____ to the PCL
lateral
explain the screw home mechanism
- the tibia ER as the knee reaches full extension
- provides increased stability to the knee through bony congruency and ligamentous tension
- due to larger medial femoral condyle, the tibia does this
which muscle is the MCL attached to
semimembranosus through posterior oblique ligament
which meniscus is larger
Medial C
which meniscus is smaller
lateral O
where is meniscal blood flow greatest?
peripheral 1/3
where is meniscal blood flow least
central 1/3
what are some things to consider wtih medial meniscus repair rehab
- femoral condyle imparts a sheer force in meniscus in WB beyond 115-120 of knee flexion
- hamstring contraction indirectly tugs on posterior horn of meniscus
what kind of joint is the patellofemoral
planar
- posterior surface of patealla is covered with thick hyaline cartilage
- patealla slides within trochlear groove of femur
what does the PFJ compressive forces do
- increase with degere of flexion angle at knee
- increase with quadriceps muscle force production
explain the PFJ and contact area and pressure
- surface area of contact increases with flexion
- increased surface area results in reduced focal areas of pressure
so, for a pt that alcks articular gartilage on patealla or trochlear groove.. decrease ROM
what is the patellofemoral motion during flexion
inferior glide
what is the patellofemoral motion during extension
superior glide
what are some patellar soft tissue restraints
- medial and lateral retinaculum
- medial patellofemoral lig
what are 4 patellar instability anatomical factors
- MPFL or retinacular deficinty
- shallow trochlear groove
- flat patella
- patella alta
what kind of joint is the prox superior tibiofibular jiont
planar
what does the prox (superior) tibiofibular joint do with knee extension
glide posterior
what does the prox (superior) tibiofibular joint do with knee flexion
glide anterior
which strucutres attach to the fibular head that cross the knee joint and would result in forces across this joint
- biceps femoris tendon
- popliteus tendon
- LCL
- arcuate lig
