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Health Promotion > Perinatal PT > Flashcards

Perinatal PT Flashcards

1
Q

LBP is reported to occur in ___-___% of pregnancies

A

50-80%

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2
Q

___% of the women who report of LBP during pregnancy have LBP at 18 months post-partum

A

37%

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3
Q

At __ weeks of gestation, the woman is 70% physiologically ready to give birth.

A

8 weeks

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4
Q

When do physiological changes of pregnancy occur?

A

8 weeks

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5
Q

The uterus of a pregnant woman shifts to the (left/right) and their COG moves (forward/backward)

A

right, forward

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6
Q

What are the placenta hormones?

A

Human placenta lactogen
human chorionic gonadotropin
relaxing
estrogen
progesterone

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7
Q

mechanism of hormone: Affects glucose and fat metabolism from 5th week gestation

–> Diverts glucose to the fetus

–> assists with occurrence of gestational diabetes

A

human placenta lactogen

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8
Q

What hormone is antagonistic to insulin so more glucose remains in maternal blood for transport to fetus?

A

human placenta lactogen

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9
Q

When does human placenta lactogen disappear?

A

after childbirth

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10
Q

mechanism of hormone: Suppresses maternal immunological reactions against the fetus until the placenta takes over

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

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11
Q

Low levels of human chorionic gonadotropin results in what?

A

miscarriage

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12
Q

When is peak concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin?

A

days 60-80 resulting in nausea

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13
Q

When does human chorionic gonadotroping disappear?

A

7-10 days post-partum

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14
Q

When is relaxin at its highest level?

A

12 weeks of pregnancy

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15
Q

Relaxin declines from week ___-___ and then is stable for the remainder of pregnancy at 50% peak value.

A

12-17

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16
Q

When does relaxin return to pre-pregnancy levels?

A

3 days after postpartum

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17
Q

(true/false) Twins have 2x the relaxin levels

A

true

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18
Q

(true/false) Relaxin results in separation of the pubic symphysis

A

true

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19
Q

Estrogen causes a (increase/decrease) in pH levels.

A

increase

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20
Q

High levels of pH due to estrogen can result in what?

A

yeast infections
excessive mucus
increase sodium and water retention (40-60% increase)

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21
Q

What hormone decreases contractility of a pregnant uterus and prepares the breasts for lactation?

A

progesterone

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22
Q

What hormone increases RR and body temperature?

A

progesterone

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23
Q

Progesterone increases body temperature by ___ degree(s)

A

1/2 degree
(pregnancy glow)

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24
Q

What hormone protects a pregnant women from bone loss?

A

estrogen from the ovaries

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25
Q

What hormone increases the epithelium in the vagina along with enlarging the uterus and genitalia?

A

estrogen from the ovaries

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26
Q

Progesterone from the ovaries cause (hypoventilation/hyperventilation) in pregnant women.

A

hyperventilation

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27
Q

What does progesterone from the ovaries block?

A

prolactin

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28
Q

What hormone results in decreased focus, alertness, and cognitive function?

A

progesterone

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29
Q

____ hormones increase basal metabolic rate by 25-50%

A

thyroid hormones

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30
Q

During pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone balance parathyroid hormones to prevent ____.

A

osteoporosis

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31
Q

There is a (increase/decrease) in adrenal hormones during pregnancy. what does it contribute to?

A

increase
–> attributed to the tendency to develop abdominal stretch marks, HTN, fluid retention, and weight gain

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32
Q

When does the concentration of prolactin start to rise during pregnancy?

A

week 5 to full term

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33
Q

What hormone is antagonistic to estrogen and progesterone?

A

prolactin

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34
Q

If there is leakage of milk during pregnancy, question if ___ and ____ levels are low

A

estrogen and progesterone

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35
Q

In postpartum, ______ can inhibit Luteinizing hormone to avoid ovulation

A

prolactin

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36
Q

What hormone may initiate labor?

A

oxytocin

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37
Q

Oxytocin levels are stable during pregnancy due to ___. Once oxytocin levels are higher, labor is initiated.

A

progesterone

38
Q

(true/false) Hypersecretion of Insulin is normal with pregnancy

A

true

39
Q

(increased/decreased) levels of insulin presents with gestational diabetes.

A

decreased levels

40
Q

Women participating in any recreational physical activity for the year prior to pregnancy have decreased the risk of GDM by ___%

A

51%

41
Q

Women participating in any recreational physical activity for the year prior to pregnancy and the first 20 weeks of pregnancy have decreased risk of GDM by ___%

A

60%

42
Q

Future development of type II DM is ___-___% higher within 10-15 years postpartum in women who had gestational diabetes

A

30-50%

43
Q

Gestational diabetes in another pregnancy is __-__% higher

A

50-70%

44
Q

Only ____ extra calories is needed during the 2nd and 3rd trimester.

A

300

45
Q

What is the most common medical complication during pregnancy?

A

gestational diabetes

46
Q

What are the fetal consequences of gestational diabetes?

A

hyperglycemia secondary to insulin not crossing the placenta

increased risk for obesity/type II DM

47
Q

Increased glucose with gestational diabetes is stored as fat and results in ___.

A

macrosomia

48
Q

Fetal pancreas stimulated to increased insulin production results in (hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia) at birth

A

hypoglycemia

49
Q

(true/false) gestational diabetes does not cause respiration problems at delivery

A

false (it does)

50
Q

Blood volumes increase by 40-50% creating physiologic ___.

A

anemia

51
Q

During pregnancy, the Heart shifts forward and tipped to (left/right)—changes in 3rd lead of EKG

A

left

52
Q

Cardiac output during pregnancy increases by ___-___%

A

40-45%

stroke volume increases by 30%

53
Q

Heart rate increases by __-___% in the first 4-5 weeks gestation, increases by __-__% in second trimester, and by __-__% during labor

A

3-5%
10-15%
15-20%

54
Q

Why is there an increase in blood flow to the skin during pregnancy?

A

to dissipate heat

55
Q

Due to aorta/vena cava compression in pregnancy, you have to avoid what position?

A

supine

Avoid prolonged supine for greater than 2-3 minutes after 16 weeks gestation

56
Q

definition: Vena Cava is occluded by the pregnant uterus in prolonged supine and displaces the aorta laterally

A

supine hypotensive syndrome

57
Q

(true/false) only 10% of women experience s/s of supine hypotensive syndrome

A

true

58
Q

(true/false) Pregnancy results in Increased tidal volume by 35-50% without change in respiratory rate

A

true

59
Q

(true/false) Exercise during pregnancy decreases the delivery of O2 to the fetus.

A

FALSE

60
Q

What are s/s of pre-eclampsia?

A

BP >140/90 after 20 weeks of gestation

Proteinuria > 300 mg/24 hours
–> edema, severe HA, visual changes, abnormal reflexes, severe heartburn

61
Q

What should happen if a patient is experiencing pre-eclampsia/ severe pre-eclampsia?

A

Needs to see a physician/medial attention IMMEDIATELY

62
Q

What are s/s of severe pre-eclampsia?

A

BP > 160/110

Proteinuria > 5g/24 hours
–> present for >6 hours, HA, visual changes, decreased urine output, neuro s/s, deranged liver function, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure

63
Q

(true/false) Weight gain is a reason for back pain during pregnancy.

A

false

64
Q

The suggested weight gain for a single fetus if the mother has a normal BMI is ____.

A

25-35 pounds

> 25 pounds if BMI < 18

10-21 pounds if BMI > 29

65
Q

During pregnancy the BOS (increases/decreases)

A

increases

66
Q

What is the normal size of the uterus at the end of 40 weeks of gestation?

A

10 x 14 inches

67
Q

What is the largest muscle of the body when pregnant?

A

Uterus

68
Q

When does the uterus return to normal size (2 inches x 4 inches)?

A

6-8 weeks post-partum

69
Q

Lactation is a ___ response.

A

hormonal response

70
Q

Milk production is dependent on what?

A

stimulation

71
Q

An increase in breast weight can be up to ____ pounds.

A

2.5 pounds

–> can lead to upper thoracic pain and/or impingement

72
Q

How much fluid retention is there at 30 weeks of gestation?

A

3+ liters

73
Q

Avoid exercise in supine position after _____ months.

A

3 months

74
Q

(true/false) You can scuba dive when pregnant.

A

FALSE (fetus cannot filter bubble formation)

75
Q

Changes from pregnancy last about __-___ weeks post-partum so exercises plans should have slow progression.

A

4-6 weeks

76
Q

Should electric modalities be used on a person who is pregnant?

A

no (only joint mobilization, postural education, and ther-ex)

77
Q

What should you base exercise intensity off of for a pregnant patient?

A

BORG scale (NOT HR)

78
Q

Water should be ____ degrees if exercising in water.

A

< 90 degrees

79
Q

Hyperthermia > ____ degrees can increase risk of neural tube defects.

A

> 102 degrees

80
Q

(true/false) ACOG now encourages bedrest for pre-term labor

A

FALSE

81
Q

With bedrest, you will have __% bone loss after 7 days.

A

17%

82
Q

What are the levels of bed rest?

A

strict
Trendlenberg (feet above head)
Up ad lib
Bedrest w/ bathroom privileges
sitting

83
Q

What are the most common issues with pregnancy?

A

lumbar strains
diastasis recti
anterior or posterior pelvic ROT
sacral ROT

84
Q

What can cause calf cramps with pregnancy?

A

Increased WB on MT heads

85
Q

Definition: Separation of the rectus abdominis as the abdomen expands

A

diastasis recti

86
Q

(true/false) Diastasis recti can occur with obesity.

A

true

87
Q

What is a (+) finding for diastasis recti?

A

greater than 2 finger widths and any depth while palpating the umbilicus during Cx FLX

88
Q

Where should a TENS unit be placed during the first stage of labor?

A

T12-L2 region

89
Q

Where should a TENS unit be placed during the second stage of labor?

A

L4/L5
S2-S4
Gallpladder
Spleen

90
Q

What is the preferred position for the pelvis and pelvic floor?

A

squatting

91
Q

What are treatment options for blocked milk ducts?

A
  • heat
  • US
  • elevate pain for manual drainage
  • manual techniques
  • pt education

Health Promotion (7 decks)

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