Perinatal and Post Partum Psychiatry

Question 1

What are the main areas covered in perinatal psychiatry?

Answer 1

Introduction to perinatal psychiatry, overview of perinatal mental disorders, types, epidemiology, risk factors, treatment considerations, impact on the infant, and organization of services.

Question 2

What percentage of women are affected by perinatal mental disorders?

Answer 2

Close to 20% of women.

Question 3

What is the leading cause of disability for women worldwide?

Answer 3

Depression.

Question 4

When can perinatal mental disorders occur?

Answer 4

From conception up to the end of the first year postpartum.

Question 5

What are some of the common mental disorders in the perinatal period?

Answer 5

Depression and anxiety.

Question 6

What is the prevalence of perinatal depression in developed countries?

Answer 6

10-15% of women.

Question 7

How prevalent are perinatal mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries?

Answer 7

16-20%.

Question 8

What percentage of women with perinatal mental disorders are not recognized or treated?

Answer 8

More than 50%.

Question 9

Who currently attends to women with identified perinatal mental disorders?

Answer 9

Child psychiatrists or general adult psychiatrists.

Question 10

What alternative names are suggested for the perinatal psychiatry specialty?

Answer 10

Mother-infant psychiatry, parent-infant psychiatry, or perinatal-infant psychiatry.

Question 11

What are the most common perinatal mental disorders?

Answer 11

Depression and anxiety.

Question 12

What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders in women during the perinatal period in the USA?

Answer 12

13%.

Question 13

What mental disorder has a higher rate in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women?

Answer 13

OCD.

Question 14

What is the prevalence of PTSD in women with traumatic birth experiences?

Answer 14

1-6%.

Question 15

What are the postpartum psychotic disorder admission rates?

Answer 15

1-2/1000 live births.

Question 16

What increases the risk of relapse in bipolar disorders during the perinatal period?

Answer 16

20-50%.

Question 17

What factors are associated with perinatal mental disorders related to adjustment to pregnancy?

Answer 17

Unwanted pregnancies, denial of pregnancy, and complications of pregnancy termination.

Question 18

What are the potential outcomes for the infant due to maternal mental disorders?

Answer 18

Low birth weight, impaired cognitive development, and poor bonding.

Question 19

How can some adverse outcomes for children and adolescents be prevented?

Answer 19

Early interventions and routine screening.

Question 20

What is recommended for early detection of perinatal mental disorders?

Answer 20

Routine screening during antenatal and postnatal visits.

Question 21

What screening tools are essential for identifying perinatal mental disorders?

Answer 21

Detailed history, physical examinations, and risk assessment.

Question 22

What psychosocial interventions are effective during pregnancy?

Answer 22

Psychosocial interventions such as peer support, counseling, and psychoeducation.

Question 23

What are the considerations for pharmacotherapy in the treatment of perinatal mental disorders?

Answer 23

Risk-benefit assessment, lowest effective dose of antidepressants in severe cases.

Question 24

What are the common risk factors for postpartum psychosis?

Answer 24

Personal history of bipolar affective disorder, primiparity, and complications of pregnancy.

Question 25

What is the relationship between pregnancy and psychotic disorders?

Answer 25

Pregnancy seems protective with low rates of new onset psychotic disorders.

Question 26

What should be considered in the management of women with preexisting psychotic disorders during pregnancy?

Answer 26

Lowest effective dose of maintenance medications, liaison with obstetric services.

Question 27

What are the treatment options for acute postpartum psychotic episodes?

Answer 27

Admission, continuation of breastfeeding, and ECT in severe cases.

Question 28

How should services for perinatal psychiatry be organized?

Answer 28

Integration with maternal and child health programs, collaboration between mental health services, and training for primary care providers.

Question 29

What are the functions of a perinatal psychiatry service?

Answer 29

Accurate diagnosis, treatment, training, support, research, and collaboration with other services.

Question 30

What are the key components of specialist services in perinatal psychiatry?

Answer 30

Multidisciplinary team, day care units, mother-baby units, and community outreach.