Bipolar Affective Disorder Flashcards
Bipolar mood or affective disorder is characterised by
recurrent episodes of mania and depression in h tv r same patient at different times
Bipolar affective disorder was earlier known as
Manic depressive psychosis
Bipolar type 1
characterised by episodes of severe main and severe depression
Bipolar type 2
characterised by episodes of hypomania(not requiring hospitalisation) and severe depression
Theories of aetiology of bipolar
- Genetic hypothesis
- Biochemical theories
- Neuroendocrine theories
- Sleep studies
- Brain imaging
life time risk for the first degree relatives getting bipolar disorder is
25%
children with one parent having bipolar disorder has a risk of __, children with both parents having bipolar disorder has a risk of__
27%
74%
Risk of monozygotic twins is__
Dizygotic twins is __
65%
20%
Biochemical theories
Catecholamine’s abnormalities in one or more sites in the brain
brain imaging findings in bipolar disorder
- ventricular dilatation
- white matter hyper-intensities
- changes in blood flow and metabolism in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and caudate
clinical features of bipolar depressive form
- constantly feeling sad or worthless
- sleeping too much or too little
- feeling tired and having little energy
- problems focusing
- thoughts of suicide
clinical features of bipolar manic form
- increased energy levels
- less need for sleep
- easily distracted
- nonstop talking
- increased self confidence
- focused on getting things done but does not accomplish much
- is involved in risky activities even though bad things may happen
average manic episode lasts for __
average depressive episode lasts of __
3-4 months
4-6 months
with rapid institution of treatment symptoms of mania are controlled within __ and depression within__
2 weeks
6-8 weeks
Good prognostic factors
- acute or abrupt onset
- typical clinical features
- severe depression
- well adjusted premorbid personality
- good response to treatment
