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Forensic Anthro > Perimortem Conditions: Trauma > Flashcards

Perimortem Conditions: Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Trauma

A

Subcategory of pathology

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2
Q

Manner of death (6)

A
  • natural
  • accidental
  • suicide
  • homicide
  • pending
  • undetermined
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3
Q

Fracture

A

Complete (break) discontinuity

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4
Q

Infraction

A

Incomplete break

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5
Q

Pathological fracture

A

Occur because bone is weakened by disease

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6
Q

Stress fracture

A

Caused by overuse

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7
Q

Fatigue fracture

A

Occur when bones are exposed to intermittent stress over long period of time

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8
Q

Traumatic fracture

A

Occur due to an outside force

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9
Q

Fracture type: simple

A

Clean, no skin break

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10
Q

Fracture type: compound

A

Broken bone protrudes through skin

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11
Q

Fracture type: comminuted

A

Bone fragmented into multiple pieces

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12
Q

Fracture type: compression

A

Result of crushing

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13
Q

Fracture type: hinge

A

Fractured area still attached, but meeting at an angle

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14
Q

Fracture type: depression

A

Bone pushed inward

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15
Q

Fracture type: Impacted

A

Bone fragments pushed together

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16
Q

Fracture type: spiral

A

Twisting break

17
Q

Fracture type: greenstick

A

Incomplete break (more common in children)

18
Q

Fracture type: radiating

A

Lines that curve away from point of impact (gun shot wound)

19
Q

Fracture type: concentric

A

Rings around point of impact (like ripples)

20
Q

Characteristics of forces causing trauma

A
  • direction
  • speed
  • focus
21
Q

Alteration

A

Any change to the physical properties of bone

22
Q

Fracture type: tension

A

“Stretching of bone”

23
Q

Magnitude

A

Amount of force applied to bone

24
Q

Dynamic loading

A

Force that is applied suddenly at relatively high speed

25
Q

Static loading

A

Force applied at low speed, slowly

26
Q

Anisotropic

A

Materials like bone that have different structures of properties in many different directions

27
Q

Isotropic

A

Materials with same properties in all directions (steel)

28
Q

Incomplete fracture types

A
  • bow fracture
  • torus/buckle fracture
  • greenstick fracture
  • depressed fracture
29
Q

Complete fracture type

A
  • transverse fracture
  • oblique fracture
  • spiral fracture
  • commuted fracture
  • epiphyseal fracture
30
Q

Blunt force trauma

A
  • relatively slow load application to bone over large surface area
  • hammer, club, fist
  • deceleration injuries (falls)
  • strangulation
31
Q

High velocity projectile trauma (ballistic)

A
  • rapid application of force over relatively small surface area
  • bullets
  • bone does not have time to bend or deform
32
Q

Sharp force trauma

A
  • created by a tool with a point or beveled edge

- knife or saw

Forensic Anthro (10 decks)

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