Pericardial Diseases Flashcards
What is the causes of acute pericarditis
IMAN Post
-idiopathic (mainly)
-infective (viral by coxsakie B, bacterial by Tb)
-metabolic (uremia)
-autoimmune (SLE)
-neoplasm
-post-MI (post cardiac injury syndrome)
-post trauma
ECG changes in acute pericarditis
-PR depression
-concave ST elevation
What is the character of chest pain in acute pericarditis
-sharp chest pain
-pleuritic
-positional
What is the sign that presents in case of acute pericarditis
-pericardial friction rub
What is the echo finding in acute pericarditis
-pericardial effusion
What is ttt for acute pericarditis
-ttt of pain as NSAIDs and colchicine
-ttt if underlying cause as dialysis in uremia
Complications of acute pericarditis
-constrictive pericarditis
-cardiac tamponade
What is thickened during constrictive pericarditis
-thickening of calcified/fibrosis of pericardial
-thus decreasing of ventricular filling
What is the most important signs in constrictive pericarditis
-right cause (kausmal’s sign)
-left cause (pulsus paradoxus)
Kausmal sign’s- inspiration leads to increase JVP
PP- increase SBP > 10mmHf during inspiration
What are the causes of constrictive pericarditis in developing and developed countries
-Tb
-post-surgical
What is cardiac tamponade
-compression of the right side of the heart due to accumulation of the fluid in the pericardial
What is the triad found in cardiac tamponade
-beck’s triad (hypotension, JVP and distant heart sound)
The equilibrium in all 4 chambers mainly can be found in
Cardiac tamponade
What is the ECG changes in cardiac tamponade
-low voltage QRS
-electrical alterans
