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NUR 221 > Perfusion Meds > Flashcards

Perfusion Meds Flashcards

1
Q

what is the action of ACE inhibitors?

A

Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which causes vasodilation

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2
Q

ACE inhibitors prevent….

A

remodeling of the heart

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3
Q

why would a patient be given an ACE inhibitor?

A

–reduce afterload (HF)

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4
Q

What are some side effects of an ACE inhibitor?

A
  • -Dry cough
  • -Orthostatic hypotension
  • hyperkalemia
  • proteinuria
  • taste disturbances (captopril)
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5
Q

How long should BP be monitored after administering an ACE inhibitor?

A

continually for the 1st 2 hours

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6
Q

what should temporarily be stopped prior to administration of an ACE inhibitor?

A

Diuretic for 2-3 days prior to help prevent Orthostatic hypotension

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7
Q

Since hyperkalemia is a risk for taking an ACE inhibitor, what should the nurse tell the patient to avoid?

A

salt substitutes

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8
Q

What meds should the nurse advise the patient to avoid when taking an ACE inhibitor?

A

NSAIDS

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9
Q

What does a loop diuretic end in and what should the patient notify the doctor of if they have the symptom?

A
  • -ide

- -tinnitus (ototoxicity)

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10
Q

When a patient is taking a potassium sparing diuretic, what should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?

A

–potassium rich foods (bananas, oranges, dates)

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11
Q

What should the nurse consider when giving any kind of diuretic?

A
  • -monitor weight daily
  • -monitor electrolytes
  • -obtain BP prior to administration
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12
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

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13
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vit. K

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14
Q

What type of antiplatelet is commonly used after cardiac surgery?

A

Dipyridamole

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15
Q

what should be given with an antiplatelet to prevent GI bleed?

A
  • -ranitidine (H2 agonist) or

- -Omeprazole (PPI)

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16
Q

what is dobutamine used for?

A
  • -Increase CO, contractility

- -reduce PVR and PAWP

17
Q

Why would a patient be given dobutamine?

A
  • -CHF
  • -Cardiogenic shock
  • -Hemodynamically significant hypotension
18
Q

What is the initial rate of dobutamine?

A

0.5 mg/kg/min IV

19
Q

Why should dobutamine be titrated?

A

so HR does not increase >10% (can extend MI)

20
Q

What are some side effects of dobutamine?

A
  • -Angina
  • -HTN
  • -hypokalemia
  • -Increased ventricular ectopy
  • -allergic reaction
21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dopamine ?

A

Alpha and beta receptor stimulator

22
Q

Why would a patient be given dopamine?

A
  • -Cardiogenic shock
  • -CHF
  • -Increase BP when it is super low
23
Q

What are some precautions when taking dopamine?

A
  • -excessive vasoconstriction
  • -tachycardia
  • -arrhythmias
  • -N/V
24
Q

Dopamine should not be mixed with what type of solution?

A

alkaline solutions (becomes inactive)

25
Q

What are some side effects of dopamine?

A
  • -Angina
  • -Aberrant conduction
  • -azotemia
  • -Widening QRS
  • -hypo/hypertension
26
Q

What drug class is epinephrine in?

A

alpha/beta adrenergic agonist

27
Q

Why is epinephrine given?

A
  • -Increases systemic Blood pressure and decreases diastolic blood pressure
  • -improves blood flow during an arrest
28
Q

when should epinephrine be given?

A
  • -V-fib. or V-tach without a pulse
  • -Asystole
  • -PEA
  • -Stokes Adams syndrome
  • -bradycardia
29
Q

What is the dosage for epinephrine?

A

1 mg IVP every 3-5 min.

30
Q

where is nitroprusside normally used?

A

ICU

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitroprusside?

A

vasodilates- reduces afterload, lowers BP

32
Q

why would a patient be given nitroprusside?

A
  • -hypertensive crisis

- -CHF (esp. pulmonary edema)

33
Q

what position should the patient be in when giving nitroprusside?

A

sitting/laying (if standing patient may fall)

34
Q

What are some precautions with nitroprusside?

A
  • -Monitor VS
  • -Block from light
  • -may cause CO2 retention
35
Q

What should nitroprusside be mixed with?

A

D5W

36
Q

What med should the nurse ask the patient if they take prior to giving nitroprusside?

A

ED meds like viagra

37
Q

Prior to giving digoxin the nurse should assess…

A

apical pulse for full minute

38
Q

What are signs of dig. toxicity?

A
  • -visual changes (yellow/green halo)

- -loss of appetite

39
Q

Is furosemide potassium sparing or potassium wasting?

A

Potassium wasting

NUR 221 (9 decks)

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