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NUR 221 > Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What disorder is described as left to right shunting of blood through a hole in the atrial septum due to higher pressure in the left side of the heart?

A

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

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2
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of ASD?

A
  • -congestive HF

- -Mitral valve regurgitation

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3
Q

What condition is described as left to right shunting of blood due to a hole in the ventricular septum resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow?

A

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

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4
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of VSD?

A
  • -systolic murmur at ERB’s point (4th ICS)
  • -Increased sweating in infants during feeding
  • -Fatigue (increased CO)
  • -Impaired growth (increased caloric need)
  • -Tachypnea (only with exercise)
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5
Q

When tachypnea is experienced at rest in VSD, what is the syndrome associated with this called?

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

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6
Q

If a patient experiences poor growth with VSD, what surgery can be done?

A

Surgical patching

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7
Q

What is the name of the condition where blood is shunted from the aorta to the pulmonary arteries, increasing circulation in the pulmonary system?

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA)

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8
Q

PDA is most often seen in…

A

premature infants

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9
Q

Patients with PDA are at risk for….

A
  • -Respiratory infections
  • -pneumonia
  • -infective endocarditis
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10
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of PDA?

A
  • -Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Tachycardia
  • -bounding pulse, wide pulse pressure
  • -HF
  • -hepatomegaly
  • -Machinery murmur “thrill”
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11
Q

What medication should be given to a patient with PDA?

A

IV Indomethacin

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12
Q

Where can a holosystolic murmur be heard in a patient with a cushion defect?

A

Left lower sternal border

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13
Q

What are the disorders that increase pulmonary blood flow?

A
  • -ASD
  • -VSD
  • -PDA
  • -Cushion defect
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14
Q

What are the disorders that decrease pulmonary blood flow?

A
  • -TOF

- -Pulmonary/Tricuspid atresia

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15
Q

What condition is described as elevated pressure in right side of heart leading to right to left shunting of blood?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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16
Q

What 4 defects does TOF consist of?

A
  • -Pulmonary stenosis
  • -Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • -VSD
  • -Overriding aorta
17
Q

Why does right ventricular hypertrophy occur in patient with TOF?

A

heart is overworked, walls thicken, get stiff, then eventually fail.

18
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of TOF?

A
  • -“blue baby”
  • -clubbing of fingers
  • -squatting
  • -Palpable thrill over pulmonic area
  • -knee to chest position
19
Q

What are some treatments/therapies a patient with TOF can have?

A
  • -Calm child
  • -O2
  • -IV morphine/propranolol
20
Q

In TOF, what position does the aorta sit?

A

Low over VSD (aorta overrides septal defect)

21
Q

What disorder is described as the narrowing/constriction of the descending aorta?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

22
Q

What is the genetic condition Coarctation often seen in a patient?

A

Turner’s syndrome

23
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of Coarctation of the aorta?

A
  • -difference in femoral and carotid pulse
  • -harsh murmur (over pts. back)
  • -swelling hands/feet/legs
  • -Dyspnea, cough, swelling hands and feet
24
Q

What disorder is the progressive narrowing of the aortic valve that obstructs blood flow to the systemic circulatory system?

A

Aortic stenosis

25
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of Aortic stenosis?

A
  • -narrow pulse pressure (normal BP)

- -weak peripheral pulses

26
Q

What are some clinical manifestation seen in serious cases of aortic stenosis?

A
  • -syncope and dizziness

- -HF

27
Q

What disorder is described as a life threatening condition at birth when the pulmonary artery and aorta are transposed (wrong place)?

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

28
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of TGA?

A
  • -Cyanosis (soon after birth)
  • -CHF (immediately, days/weeks after birth)
  • -Polycythemia
  • -loud S2 sound
  • -Infants take long to feed
  • -growth failure
29
Q

What does the heart look like on an xray in a patient with TGA?

A

An egg

30
Q

What is a severe condition where the left side of the heart does not form correctly during fetal growth causing underdeveloped heart structures?

A

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)

31
Q

What surgical procedure is done in the first week in a patients with HLHS?

A

Norwood procedure

32
Q

What is the second procedure done with HLHS at 3-8 months of age?

A

Glenn procedure

33
Q

what is the third procedure done with HLHS between 18-36 months of age?

A

Fontan procedure

34
Q

What should not be given to a patient with HLHS?

A

Supplemental oxygen

NUR 221 (9 decks)

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