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NSG 170 > Perfusion Exemplars Knowledge > Flashcards

Perfusion Exemplars Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is arteriosclerosis? Atherosclerosis?

A

Arteriosclerosis: thickening/hardening of the arterial wall, associated with aging
Atherosclerosis: type of arteriosclerosis; formation of plaque within arterial wall

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2
Q

What are the types of cholesterol? Which one is bad?

A

HDL and LDL

LDL

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3
Q

What are interventions to help with Atherosclerosis?

A 
LDL control
Nutrition therapy
Drug therapy
Smoking cessation
Exercise
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4
Q

How does anti lipid drug therapy work?

A

Reduces cholesterol (LDL) and/or triglycerides

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5
Q

What drugs are used to lower cholesterol?

A

Statins

Simvastatin
Lovastatin

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6
Q

What lifestyle modifications can be made to assist PVD?

A 
Sodium restriction
Weight reduction
Decreased alcohol intake
Exercise
Decreased stress levels
Smoking cessation
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7
Q

How does PAD affect perfusion?

A

Alters natural flow of blood through arteries and veins in the peripheries

Result of systemic atherosclerosis

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8
Q

What is inflow disease r/t lower extremity arterial disease?

A

Discomfort in the lower back, butt, and thighs

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9
Q

What is outflow disease?

A

Burning or cramping in calves, ankles, feet, and/or toes

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10
Q

What can you observe in people with lower extremity arterial disease?

A

Intermittent claudication(cramping)

Numbness and burning while resting

Inflow/outflow disease

Hair loss, thick toenails, dry/scaly/pale/molted skin

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11
Q

What can you observe in SEVERE arterial disease?

A

Cold and gray/blue extremity
Pallor
Dependent rubor
Muscle atrophy

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12
Q

How do you dx PAD/PVD?

A

Imagine
ABI
Exercise tolerance test
Arterial blood flow on a graph (plethysmography)

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13
Q

How can you manage PVD/PAD without surgery?

A 
Exercise
Positioning
Vasodilation
Drug therapy
Angioplasty
Artherectomy
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14
Q

What are the 6 Ps of arterial insufficiency?

A 
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesia 
Paralysis
Poikilothermia (coolness)
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15
Q

Acute peripheral arterial occlusion is aka:

A

Embolus

More common in lower extremities

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16
Q

What is the treatment for a PAO?

A

Drug therapy
Surgical therapy
Nursing care

17
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Permanent localized dilation of an artery to twice it’s normal diameter

18
Q

What are s/s of an aneurysm?

A

Limb ischemia
Diminished/absent pulse
Cool or cold skin to the touch
Pain

19
Q

How do you treat an aneurysm? What is important after the treatment?

A

Surgery

Pain monitoring and management

20
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) s/s

A

Pain in abd, flanks, back
Pulsing abd mass
Rupture is life threatening and most common complication

21
Q

Thoracic AA s/s

A 
Back pain
SOB
Hoarseness
Difficulty swallowing
Visible mass above suprasternal notch

Sudden excruciating back or chest pain = rupture

22
Q

How do you dx an aneurysm?

A

CT
X-ray (eggshell)
Arteriography
US

NSG 170 (14 decks)

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