Cell Reg 1-basics Flashcards
Define cellular regulation.
The process of maintaining cell homeostasis
Benign vs Malignant
Benign is non cancerous
Malignant is cancerous/can invade other cells
Neoplasia vs Neoplasm
Neoplasia is the new and abnormal growth of tissue
Neoplasm is a tumor
Neoplasia leads to neoplasm
What is tumor angiogenesis?
When the tumor has a vascular system to supply it with nutrients
Name 2 ways your body attempts to protect you from cancer (where if there is error you may be susceptible to cancer).
- Intra/inter-cellular signaling must be accurate
2. Surveillance mechanisms to detect genetic mutations and correct them
What can be the consequence(s) of malignant neoplasia? (name at least 5)
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Pain
- Organ failure
- Death
- Self image and relationship changes
- Behavioral changes in children
- Financial struggle
- Change in family dynamic
What are the risk factors for cancer? Name at least 4
- Age 55 + (linger exposure to carcinogens)
- Smoking and tobacco use
- Poor nutrition
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Exposure to carcinogens: sunlight, pollutants in the air/soil/water/food, medical treatments
- Genetics
- Infectious agents
What are primary preventions for cancer? Name at least 3
- Healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Smoking cessation
- Avoid excess sunlight/ wear sunscreen
- Prophylactic surgery (mastectomy for BRCA-1 gene)
What are secondary preventions for cancer? Name at least 3
- Mammograms
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) or Prostate exam
- Colonoscopy
- Fecal occult blood (FOB)
At what age should women have their first mammogram? How often?
40;annually
At what age should someone get a colonoscopy? How often?
45 or 10 years prior to the age of a parent having an abnormal colonoscopy; every 10 years
At what age should a man get his prostate examined or PSA checked? How often?
40; annually
What are the 7 warning signs of cancer? (Remember the acronym)
CAUTION:
Change in bowel or bladder A lesson that won’t heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or other tissue Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or persistent hoarseness
Exam findings indicative of neoplasia include:
- Visible lesions
- Physical asymmetry
- Palpable mass
- Presence of blood in stool/on pelvic exam
What are examples of radio graphic tests? (5)
US, X-ray, mammogram, MRI, CT
