Cell Reg 3-cancers Flashcards
What are characteristics of cells with impaired cellular regulation? Name at least 4
- Anaplasia
- Large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
- Specific functions lost
- Loose adherence
- Migration (Metastasis)
- No contact inhibition
- Rapid or continuous cell division
- Abnormal chromosomes
Describe the characteristics of carcinoma and adenocarcinomas. What are examples?
Originate from skin/mucous membranes in respiratory/GI/GU
EX: breast, prostate, lung, colon
Describe the characteristics of sarcomas and provide examples.
Originate from muscle, bone, or connective tissue
EX: Ewing’s, fibrosarcoma, kaposi, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma
Describe characteristics of lymphoma and provide examples.
Originated in lymphatic system
EX: Hodgkin’s and mon-Hodgkin’s
Describe characteristics of leukemia and provide examples
Originated from the hematopoietic system
EX: chronic lymphocytic (CLL), chronic myeloid (CML), acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myeloid (AML)
Describe primary and secondary tumors.
Primary: identified by the tissue from which it arose.
Secondary: where the primary has spread to
What are some examples of oncologist emergencies?
Sepsis Spinal cord compression DIC SAIDH Hypercalcaemia Superior vena cava syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome
How often do women get breast cancer?
1 in 8
What are risk factors for breast cancer?
Genetics Age Lack of breast feeding Postmenopausal obesity or HRT Alcoholism BRCA 1/2 mutation Early menarche and late menopause
How often should you do a self breast exam? When?
Monthly; 3-5 days after period begins
If post menopausal pick a day
What procedures should not be performed on the side a woman has had breast cancer or a mastectomy?
IV, BP, shots, blood draw
What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
50+ Genetics Smoking Obesity Diet Alcoholism
Which type of Leukemia is most common?
Acute Lympho. (ALL)
What are some warning signs of leukemia?
Fever
Excessive bruising
Abnormal WBCs
Anemia
How do you diagnose ALL?
Age 1-9 WBCs are 50,000
<1 or >9 WBCs > 50,000
