Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Perfusion > Flashcards

Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Screening for cholesterol timing?

A

Low risk- q 1- 2 years starting middle age

High risk- yearly screening starting in childhood

Universal screening ages 9-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atorvostatin drug class

A

HMG- CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atorvostatin MOA

A

Decreases total serum cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atorvostatin uses

A

Hypercholesteremia

Reduce cardiovascular events in pts with multi risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atorvostatin use in children

A

First line for dyslipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oa Atorvostatin considerations

A

Lifestyle modifications first

Caution in liver disease- may accumulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atorvostatin adverse effects

A

MYOPATHY (mild muscle pain to rhabdomyolysis)

Nausea & constipation

Cramps and diarrhea/abdominal pain

Headache and skin rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atorvostatin contras

A

Pregnancy and lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atorvostatin assessment

A

Muscle pain/weakness

GI complaints

Headache

Cholesterol improvement (1-2 weeks, 4-6 for total outcome)

Liver enzymes periodically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atorvostatin teaching

A

Take in the PM

use contraceptives

Report muscle symptoms, fatigue, cola colored urine (signs of rhabdomyolysis)

Low fat diet- oat cereal daily

No smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Captopril drug class

A

Ace inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Captopril use

A

BP med

Decreased vasoconstriction and decreases aldosterone production

Vasodilation and reduces water and sodium retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Captopril uses

A

Heart failure

Hypertension

Used alone or in combo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adverse effects of Captopril

A

Angioedema

Persistent cough- switch to different med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contraindications for Captopril

A

Bbw: pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Captopril assessment

A

Persistent cough

Angioedema

Dizziness, syncopal episodes, orthostatic hypotension

Look at potassium levels (can be elevated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Captopril teaching

A

Caution with digoxin and lithium- can cause toxicity

Take on an Empty stomach

Signs of hypotension

Use contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Losartan drug class

A

ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Losartan use

A

Hypertension

Diabetic neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Losartan caution

A

Metabolized in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Losartan adverse effects

A

Dizziness, muscle cramps and weakness, heartburn, diarrhea

ANGIOEDEMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Losartan contraindications

A

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Losartan assessment

A

Blood pressure

Liver and kidney function and electrolytes

Hypersensitivity Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Losartan teaching

A

Contraceptive use

Risk of hyperkalemia- avoid potassium supplements and salt substitutes

Avoid grapefruit Juice

Hypotension symptoms

Monitor BP at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Amlodipine drug class

A

Calcium channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Amlodipine MOA

A

Relaxation and vasodilation to lower BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Amlodipine use

A

Hypertension and CAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Amlodipine age considerations

A

6-17 can use it

Oa: start low dose- decreased drug clearance

Hepatic impairment- dose reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Amlodipine adverse effects

A

Pulmonary edema

Peripheral edema- hands/feet

Nausea

Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Amlodipine assessment

A

Gi Side effects

Pulmonary and peripheral edema

BP monitoring

31
Q

Amlodipine teaching

A

Avoid grapefruit juice

May increase simvastatin concentrations when taken together

32
Q

Amiodarone drug class

A

Class III potassium channel blocker

33
Q

Amiodarone environment?

A

Usually in the hospital

34
Q

Amiodarone use

A

Tachyarrythmias

Atrial/ventricular dysrhythmias

35
Q

Amiodarone caution

A

Hepatotoxic- caution in older adults

36
Q

Bbw for Amiodarone

A

Use only in life threatening situations

37
Q

Amiodarone adverse effects

A

Micro deposits in eyes- blurry vision

Photosensitivity

38
Q

Amiodarone Assessment

A

continuous ECG and heart rate (ectopy)

Eye exams

Difficulty breathing, vision changes

Chest x rays and LFT’s for cardiac/pulmonary/GI/CNS

39
Q

Amiodarone teaching

A

At home taking- take with food, no albuterol or caffeine

Follow up with cardiologist and lab tests

Report abnormal heartbeat, dizziness/fainting, vision changes, difficulty breathing

40
Q

Diltiazem drug class

A

Class IV calcium channel blocker

41
Q

Diltiazem mechanism of action

A

Close conduction through SA and AV nodes

42
Q

Diltiazem uses

A

SVT, AF, Aflutter, exercised induced tachycardia’s

43
Q

Amiodarone contraindications

A

Shock, heart block, sensitivity to iodine (thyroid dysfunction)

44
Q

Diltiazem contraindications

A

hepatic and renal impairment 

Shock and heart block

45
Q

Diltiazem adverse effects

A

Nausea, constipation
dizziness headache
FLUSHING
hypotension edema and bradycardia

46
Q

Diltiazem assessment

A

Normal sinus rhythm or baseline, heart rate, BP, arrhythmias, not having nausea and vomiting

47
Q

Diltiazem teaching

A

Avoid caffeine and stimulant medications, report irregular heartbeat, dizziness/fainting

48
Q

Nitroglycerin drug class

A

Organic nitrates

49
Q

Nitroglycerin age considerations

A

Children: only IV nitroglycerin

Older adults: more hypotension, fall risk

50
Q

Nitroglycerin adverse effects

A

Severe headache (treated with acetaminophen)
Mild headache normal side effect

Dizziness, bradycardia, syncope, hypotension 

51
Q

Nitroglycerin mechanism of action

A

Decreases blood volume/pressure within the heart

Coronary artery dilation

Reduces peripheral vascular resistance 

52
Q

Nitroglycerin contraindications

A

Severe anemia
Hypotension/hypovolemia
Caution in traumatic brain injury: may increase ICP, and renal impairment

53
Q

Nitroglycerin nursing considerations

A

Hold for hypotension

Sublingual nitroglycerin as soon as chest pain develops, EKG

3 doses 5 minutes apart

Avoid nitro exposure to light

IV preparations in glass bottles with special tubing


54
Q

Nitroglycerin assessment

A

assess: EKG, blood pressure, heart rate, chest pain improved?

Long acting nitro: having less episodes of chest pain

55
Q

Nitroglycerin teaching

A

angina is because heart is not getting enough blood and oxygen

Keep the tablets in the original dark bottle and replace every six months, do not keep on body

You can take nitroglycerin for up to 3 doses 5 minutes apart

Take nitroglycerin sitting down

You may get a headache after- treat with acetaminophen

Avoid over-the-counter decongestant/cold meds- can cause angina 

56
Q

Atenolol drug class

A

Beta adrenergic blockers

57
Q

Atenolol mechanism of action

A

Decrease his cardiac workload by slowing heart rate blood pressure and reducing contractility

58
Q

Atenolol uses

A

Treatment of angina and hypertension
Prophylaxis and treatment of MI within 24 hours of MI

59
Q

Warning for atenolol

A

Black box warning: those with CAD cannot abruptly stop the medication. They must taper to prevent angina, ventricular dysrhythmias, MI or death

60
Q

Older adult consideration for atenolol

A

Used frequently, monitor heart rate to avoid syncope/falls

61
Q

Atenolol adverse effects

A

Heart failure, severe bradycardia/Brady arrhythmias, bronchospasm especially in COPD

62
Q

Contra indications for atenolol

A

Heart block or severe bradycardia
Shop/hypotension

63
Q

Atenolol nursing considerations/assessment

A

Hold medication if heart rate is less than 60 or SBP is less than 90

Continuous telemetry

Dizziness, blurred vision: hypotension



64
Q

Atenolol monitoring

A

Monitor: Bronchospasm, hypoglycemia in diabetics, heart rate and blood pressure after first dose for a couple of hours, syncope (Brady arrhythmia)

65
Q

Atenolol teaching

A

Orthostatic hypotension risk

Do not abruptly stop taking this med

How to take pulse and BP: contact doctor if heart rate is under 55

Do not take with orange juice because there is a vitamin C interaction

Diabetics need to monitor their blood sugars more frequently

66
Q

Digoxin drug class

A

Cardiac glycosides

67
Q

digoxin use

A

Mild to moderate heart failure and control of rate in chronic a-fib

68
Q

Age related considerations for Digoxin

A

Children: narrow therapeutic window

Oa: Not the first line, renal impairment: caution due to accumulation/toxicity

69
Q

Digoxin adverse effects

A

Narrow therapeutic window: risk of toxicity
Signs of toxicity: life-threatening arrhythmia, PVCs



70
Q

Contraindications for Digoxin

A

Myocarditis, heart block, VT/VF
Caution: Acute MI, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia (risk of dysrhythmia)

71
Q

Digoxin assessment

A

Hold med for heart rate under 60 (adults)
Hold med for hr under 70 in older children
Hold men for hr under 100 in younger children

EKG

72
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A

Green/yellow halos/blurry vision, difficulty with color

73
Q

Digoxin monitoring

A

avoid potassium being too low (digoxin toxicity)
Look at electrolytes
Renal function- digoxin toxicity
Digoxin levels
BUN and creatinine

EKG

74
Q

Dogoxin teaching

A

Take exactly as prescribed at the same time every day

Signs of digoxin toxicity- green/yellow halos/blurry vision, difficulty with color

Labs and EKGs as ordered

Take pulse before taking- notify doctor if HR is under 60

Consult doctor before taking OTC meds

Pharm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions