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Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

Guaifenesin drug class

A

Expectorant

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2
Q

What is guaifenesin used for

A

Productive cough to loosen mucus

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3
Q

Guaifenesin children considerations

A

Caution in those under 4

Extended release only for kids over 12

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4
Q

Adverse effects of Guaifenesin

A

N/v
Skin rash
Headache

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5
Q

Guaifenesin assessment

A

Cough
Cold symptoms
Increased ability to mobilize secretions

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6
Q

Guaifenesin teaching

A

Don’t use for more than 1 week
Don’t combine 2 products with similar ingredients

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7
Q

Acetylcysteine drug class

A

Mucolytic

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8
Q

What does acetylcysteine do

A

Liquifies thick secretions in the lower parts of the lungs

Bronchodilator must be used 15 minutes before this med if it’s being inhaled

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9
Q

What else is acetylcysteine used for?

A

Acetaminophen overdose

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10
Q

Adverse effects of acetylcysteine

A

Drowsiness
N/v
Bronchospasm- bronchodilator before medication

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11
Q

acetylcysteine assessment

A

Secretions mobilized with improvement in respiratory function

Not having difficulty breathing

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12
Q

acetylcysteine teaching

A

Increase fluid intake
Unpleasant odor is normal (rotten eggs)
Clean nebulizer after each use

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13
Q

Diphenhydramine drug class

A

Antihistamine

First gen H1 receptor antagonist

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14
Q

What does diphenhydramine do

A

Prevents histamine from acting on target tissues

Blocks bronchoconstriction, edema formation, vascular permeability and pruritis

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15
Q

Diphenhydramine uses

A

Hypersensitivity reaction
Motion sickness
Insomnia
Parkinsonism

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16
Q

Children and older adult diphenhydramine considerations

A

Paradoxical excitement risk in children

OA: confusion, dizziness, hypotension, sedation, px reaction, unsteady gait risk

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine adverse effects

A

Cns depression
Anticholinergic effects (blurry vision, dry nose mouth and throat)

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18
Q

Diphenhydramine contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Glaucoma and prostrate hypertrophy (due to anticholinergic effects)

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19
Q

Diphenhydramine assessment

A

Histamine Rx: improved nasal congestion, improved signs of allergic reaction

Motion sickness- decreased dizziness and nausea

Urinary retention/constipation

LOC and drowsiness

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20
Q

Diphenhydramine teaching

A

Don’t take within 14 days of an MAOI

Alcohol can cause oversedation

Take 30-60 mins before travel

Photosensitivity can happen

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21
Q

Fexofenadine drug class

A

Antihistamine

Second generation H1 receptor antagonist

22
Q

What does Fexofenadine do

A

Competes with histamine to bind at histamine receptor sites

Prevents histamine activation

23
Q

How is Fexofenadine different from diphenhydramine

A

Doesn’t cross the blood brain barrier so less CNS depression

24
Q

Fexofenadine uses

A

Allergic rhinitis

Minor allergies

Relief of pruritis

25
Adverse effects of Fexofenadine
N/v Dysmenorrhea Fatigue Headache
26
Fexofenadine assessment
Less allergic symptoms Nasal congestion Improved pruritis
27
Fexofenadine teaching
Avoid alcohol- increases sedative effect Caution with antifungals and some abx- increases serum concentration Take with water only- juice decreases absorption
28
Albuterol drug class
Adrenergic
29
What does albuterol do
Acts on beta 2 adrenergic receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscles
30
Albuterol uses
Asthma and COPD Exercise induced asthma
31
What is a severe condition related to asthma
Status asthmaticus- life threatening severe asthma- unresponsive to bronchodilators
32
Critically ill and older adult albuterol considerations
Oa: excess cardiac/CNS stimulation- caution Critically ill- high doses for severe bronchoconstriction or SA
33
Albuterol adverse effects
Tachycardia Agitation Tremor
34
Albuterol contraindications
VT/SVT hx Severe CAD Caution in hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, seizures
35
Albuterol assessment
Improved respiratory symptoms Tachycardia and arrhythmia Palpitations, tremor, CNS agitation Frequent lung sounds
36
Albuterol teaching
Maintenance vs rescue drugs Nebulizer vs MDI avoid excess caffeine
37
MDI teaching
Inhale 3-5 seconds Hold breath for 10 seconds 3-5 minutes between drugs Rinse mouth with water after
38
Ipratropium bromide drug class
Anticholinergic
39
What does ipratropium bromide do
Inhibits bronchconstriction and mucus secretion
40
ipratropium bromide use
Ineffective alone for bronchospasm Relieves bronchospasm with Albuterol in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
41
ipratropium bromide adverse effects
Cough Nervousness Nausea/GI upset Headache Dizziness
42
ipratropium bromide contraindications
Hypersensitivity to atropine or ipratropium Caution: glaucoma and prostate hypertrophy (anticholinergic)
43
ipratropium bromide assessment
Better air entry Improved RR decreased wheezing Anticholinergic effects
44
Special ipratropium bromide consideration with nebulizer
Nebulizer in pts eyes lead to pupil dilation and blurry vision (anticholinergic)
45
Beclomethasone drug class
Corticosteroid
46
What does beclomethasone do
Decreases airway inflammation (inhaled)
47
beclomethasone use
Asthma maintenance not rescue med Late stage COPD
48
Children and critically ill beclomethasone considerations
Kids: concern for growth, bone mass, adrenal function with high doses and prolonged use- lowest effective dose Critically ill- systemic steroids if inhaled ineffective
49
beclomethasone adverse effects
Headache Dry mouth Fungal infection (candidiasis) Nausea Delayed wound healing and increased nasal infection risk
50
beclomethasone Contras
Allergy Recent nasal surgery Nasal injury/ulcers
51
beclomethasone assessment
Frequency of asthma symptoms Risk for infection- thrush in mouth (candida) White patches in mouth, headache, nausea
52
beclomethasone teaching
Not a rescue inhaler Inhaled/nasal Rinse mouth and throat after Lowest possible dose

Pharm (9 decks)

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