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Pharm > GI elimination > Flashcards

GI elimination Flashcards

1
Q

What is ondensatron?

A

5HT3 agonist or serotonin receptor agonist

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2
Q

What is the MOA of ondensatron?

A

Blocks serotonin receptors to prevent vomiting

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3
Q

What is ondensatron used for?

A

Acute moderate to severe vomiting due to chemo

First line choice for post op nausea and vomiting

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4
Q

Who can ondensatron be used on?

A

Children older than 6 months
Older adults tolerate it well

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5
Q

Adverse effects of ondensatron?

A

Dizziness, headache, prolonged QT, torsades de pointes

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6
Q

Ondensatron assessment?

A

Headache, dizziness, diarrhea

Feeling better?

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7
Q

Ondensatron teaching?

A

Don’t take with St. John’s wort
It’s a sedation med
Avoid alcohol when taking this

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8
Q

What drug class is Bisacodyl?

A

Stimulant cathartic

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9
Q

What is bisacodyl used for?

A

Constipation
Bowel prep
Neurogenic bowel

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10
Q

Special population considerations for Bisacodyl?

A

Not for under 6 years old for occasional constipation

Can be used in under 6 years for treatment resistant constipation

Common bowel regiment in the ICU

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Bisacodyl?

A

Abdominal pain/cramping
Nausea
Diarrhea
Weakness

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12
Q

Contras for Bisacodyl?

A

Undiagnosed abdominal pain due to risk of obstruction

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13
Q

Bisacodyl nursing considerations?

A

Don’t take within an hour of drinking milk
Take on empty stomach
Lowered calcium and potassium levels
Anticholinergic interaction=more constipation

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14
Q

Bisacodyl assessment?

A

Bowel patterns

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15
Q

Bisacodyl caution?

A

Older adults and children due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

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16
Q

Psyllium drug class?

A

Bulk forming laxative

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17
Q

Uses for psyllium?

A

Occasional constipation
Diarrhea
Lowers cholesterol with good diet

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18
Q

Contras for psyllium?

A

Undiagnosed abdominal pain
Fecal impaction

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19
Q

Psyllium nursing considerations?

A

Take 1 hr before or 2-4 hours after meals
Take with 8 oz of liquid to prevent obstruction

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20
Q

Psyllium caution?

A

Diabetics
Hypertension
Renal disease
Phenylketonuria

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21
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine drug class?

A

Opiate related anti-diarrheal agent

Controlled substance

22
Q

What is the MOA of Diphenoxylate/atropine?

A

Slows peristalsis by acting on the stomach’s smooth muscles

23
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine uses?

A

Moderate to severe diarrhea

24
Q

Adverse effects of Diphenoxylate/atropine?

A

Atropine related: anticholinergic effects

Opioid related: hypotension and respiratory depression

25
Q

Contras for Diphenoxylate/atropine?

A

Diarrhea due to a toxin or microorganism

26
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine caution?

A

Children- higher risk of atropine overdose

OA: causes constipation

Critically ill: caution in hepatorenal disease

27
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine assessment?

A

Fluid/electrolyte balance
Urine output
Skin turgor

28
Q

PUD symptoms?

A

Bloating
Indigestion
Heartbeat
Nausea

29
Q

Causes of PUD?

A

H pylori

NSAIDS

30
Q

Heartburn teaching?

A

Elevate HOB/sit upright for 1-2 hours after eating

small meals

Avoid chocolate, fats, citric juices, coffee, alcohol

4-8 weeks high dose treatment

31
Q

Cimetidine drug class?

A

H2 receptor agonist

32
Q

MOA of Cimetidine?

A

Lowers volume, pepsin, and acidity of gastric juices

33
Q

Cimetidine uses?

A

Prevention/treatment of PUD, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

34
Q

Cimetidine caution?

A

Liver disease

Mental confusion in renal impairment

Older adults more likely to experience confusion, agitation, and disorientation

35
Q

Cimetidine contras?

A

Not for children under 12

Pregnant/lactating women

Hepatic or renal failure

36
Q

Adverse effects of cimetidine?

A

Diarrhea

Drowsiness

Headache

Confusion

Gynecomastia

37
Q

Gastric and DD ulcer healing time on Cimetidine?

A

6 to 8 weeks

38
Q

Esophagitis healing time on cimetidine?

A

12 weeks

39
Q

Cimetidine assessment?

A

CNS

Gynecomastia

Abdominal pain/GI upset

40
Q

Cimetidine teaching?

A

Take at bedtime or with meal before bedtime

Antacids decrease absorption

Interacts with a lot of drugs

41
Q

Omeprazole drug class?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

42
Q

What is special about omeprazole?

A

It is the strongest inhibitor of gastric acid secretion

43
Q

Omeprazole uses?

A

Drug of choice with PUD

GERD with erosive esophagitis

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

44
Q

GERD healing time on omeprazole?

A

1-2 weeks

45
Q

Esophagitis healing time on omeprazole?

A

8 weeks

46
Q

Gastric and DD ulcers healing time omeprazole?

A

2 weeks

47
Q

How are H pylori ulcers treated?

A

PPI + 2 antimicrobial drugs

48
Q

Population considerations for omeprazole?

A

Popular for children

Drug of choice for GERD in those over 60

Used in the ICU a lot to prevent stress ulcers (IV)

49
Q

Omeprazole adverse effects?

A

Long duration/higher doses= risk of bone fractures

Nausea, diarrhea, headache

50
Q

Omeprazole nursing considerations?

A

Take PO before food

swallow whole

51
Q

Cimetidine critically ill uses?

A

Prevention of stress related gastric ulcers in the ICU

Pharm (9 decks)

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