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Radio Navigation > Performance Based Navigation > Flashcards

Performance Based Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

RNAV capable of providing guidance in horizontal and vertical with timing function

A

4D - lateral/vertical/time
GNSS/IRS/Baro/Altimeters

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2
Q

B-RNAV or RNAV 5

A

Basic Area Nav - +- 5nm of intended position 95% of the time
Does not require ac to have a nav database (manual waypoints)

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3
Q

Precision RNAV

A

RNP - 1
+- 1nm of intended 95% of the time

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4
Q

Advantages of RNAV

A

Shorter routing
Pre programmed routes
No extra equipment needed

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5
Q

Components of PBN

A

Nav aid infrastructure - ground based/space based aids to meet specs

Nav Specifications - accuracy/integrity/continuity/functionality/availability

Nav application - application of nav spec and supporting nav aid infrastructure

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6
Q

Nav Specification

A

Ac/aircrew requirements
Accuracy/integrity/continuity/functionality/availability

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7
Q

Path Definition Area

A

Difference between database/designer (smallest part of the error)

Difference between desired path and airspace designer

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8
Q

APV

A

Approaches with vertical guidance

LPV - Localizer performance with vertical guidances

LNAV/VNAV - Lateral and vertical guidance (less accurate than LPV) (DH Higher than LPV)

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9
Q

Difference between RNAV AND RNP

A

RNAV - Nav specification
RNP - Sensor specific/alerts when fails/onboard performance monitoring (6 sec alerting)

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10
Q

Flight technical error (FTE)

A

Ability of the crew to fly defined path
Path steering error

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11
Q

Navigation System Error (NSE)

A

Aircraft’s estimated position as defined in RNAV system and actual geographic position

Ionospheric/DME functionality etc

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12
Q

Total System Error

A

Path definition area + flight technical error + nav system error

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13
Q

Navigation Specification
RNAV 10
RNAV1
RNP 1
RNAV 2
RNP 2
RNAV 5
RNP APCH
RNP 0.3

A

RNAV 10 - Oceanic/remote continental nav
RNP 4 - Oceanic and remote

RNAV 2 - For en route continental, arrival and departure phases of flight

RNP 2 - Enroute/oceanic/remote phases of flight

RNAV 5 - En route flight phases

RNP APCH - approach phases of flight

RNP 0.3 - Helicopter not oceanic or remote

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14
Q

Oceanic/Remote Nav specification includes

A

RNAV 10 (RNP 10)
RNP 4
RNP 2

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15
Q

PBN Scope for Oceanic/remote/enroute and terminal operations

A

Linear/lateral performance requirements and time constraints

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16
Q

PBN Scope for approach operations

A

Defines linear and angular lateral performance requirements

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17
Q

Factors used to define RNAV performance requirements

A

Accuracy
Integrity
Continuity
Functionality
Availability

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18
Q

RNP Nav Specifications - Integrity

A

Requirements define the level of trust that can be placed in the navigation system

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19
Q

Navigation specification - Availability

A

Determine the percentage of time that the service in a year must be in operation

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20
Q

Navigation specification - functionality

A

Failure indications/deviation/distant and bearing/time/gs/nav data storage

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21
Q

Path Terminator Designators

A

Two letter codes that define flight path types along a segment of the procedure and method of termination between legs

TF
DF
IF
CA
CF
FA

Used to specify type of termination of the previous flight path

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22
Q

Fixed Radius Transition

A

Turns between two route segments - high altitude FL195

Has two possible radii - 22.5nm for high altitude and 15nm for low altitude

Provides lateral seperation

23
Q

RNAV 10 + RNP 4

A

Oceanic/Remote areas - North Atlantic high level airspace and require at least two independent long range nav systems

RNAV 10 - IRS error - 6.2 hours - extended by updating

RNP 4 - Use of GNS also required

24
Q

RNP 0.3 is used primarily for helicopters

A

In all phases of flight except oceanic/remote and final approach

25
Q

RNP APCH - LNAV/VNAV using barometric altitude can cause

A

Temperature effect - influence terrain clearance on final approach segment.

Low temp - lower true altitude than indicated - shallower approached path with a lower glide path angle

26
Q

3D Approaches include

A

RNP APCH - (GNSS and baro VNAV)

GLS

PAR - Precision Approach Radar

ILS

RNP APCH (SBAS)

27
Q

How can RNAV 10 time limit be updated

A

By updating the position on the LRNS

28
Q

RNP approach to LNAV minima is

A

Non precision approach designed for 2d operations

29
Q

Manual entry is not permitted with

A

RNAV 1

30
Q

CAA Question: Fly by turn vs fly over turns for RNP flight tracks

A

Fly by turns can be used in RNP flight tracks
Fly over turns are excluded

31
Q

Necessity to know RNAV capabilities and performance

A

To be confident that the aircraft is capable of navigating with accuracy and adherence to procedures/seperation

32
Q

RNP APCH
Types

A

LNAV - Minimum standard of performance (using GNSS)

LNAV/VNAV - GNSS plus barometric VNAV 3D approach

LPV - 200ft ILS CAT I SBAS 3D approach

33
Q

Actual Navigation Performance (ANP)

A

FMS calculates path definition error/Nav system error/ flight path technical error = Total system error

Less accurate than 5% of RNP alert.
ANP bigger number than RNP out of accuracy requirements

34
Q

LPV Approach
Background + what type of approach is it

A

RNP approach - localiser performance with vertical guidance
Vertical guidance through SBAS.
FAS data block requires
CAT I ILS minimum
No ILS inputs

Approach with vertical guidance (NOT A precision approach)

35
Q

Types of GNSS RNAV approaches

A

LNAV (2D) - Lateral nav - liner guidance in horizontal plane - MDA/H

LP (2D) - Localiser Performance - angular guidance in horizontal plane - DA/H

LNAV/VNAV (3D) - horizontal and vertical guidance (barometric) - MDA/H

LPV (3D) - horizontal and vertical guidance from SBAS GNSS (Geometric alt) - DA/H (Precision or approach with vertical guidance)

36
Q

Difference between radius to fix legs (RF) & Fixed radius transition (FRT)

A

RF - Used for App/Dep for SIDS/STARS
FRT - en route used with FMS

37
Q

Ocean

A

RNP 2
RNP 4
RNAV 10

38
Q

Advanced RNP incorporates what nav specifications

A

RNAV 5
RNAV 2
RNAV 1
RNP 2
RNP 1
RNP APCH

39
Q

Offset flight path is

A

Lateral offset from defined route
Specified increments of 1NM up to 20NM
Depart route and intercept offset at 45 degree angle

40
Q

Manual data is acceptable on and unacceptable on…

A

Manual entry/creation of waypoint not permitted under RNAV1/RNAV2/RNP 1/RNP 2

Manual entry of new waypoints allowed under:

RNP 10
RNAV 10
RNP 4
RNAV 5

41
Q

In order to fly RNAV 1,RNAV 2, RNP 1, RNP 2 SID it must be

A

Retrievable by route name from the on board navigation database and conform to the charted route

42
Q

Explain why RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima only conducted when temp is within range and not temperature compensated

A

Ensure safe terrain clearance when temperatures are low and to limit excessively high glide path angles in high temperatures

43
Q

Helicopters use

A

RNAV 1
RNP 1
RNP 0.3

44
Q

Banks RNAV/RNP usages

A

RNAV 10 - Oceanic
RNAV 5 - Enroute/Arrival
RNAV 2 - Enroute/arrival/departure
RNAV - Arrival/departure

RNP4 - Oceanic
RNP2 - Enroute
RNP1 - Arrival/departure

45
Q

How can RNAV1/RNAV2/RNP1/RNP2 routes be modified by pilots

A

Inserting or deleting waypoints in the database in response to an ATC clearance

46
Q

When performing a RNP approach what will lead to a missed approach without visual

A

Required RNP APCH mode fails to engage

The actual navigation accuracy exceed the required navigation accuracy

The lateral deviation exceeds instrument full scale deflection

TCAS RA (Not TA)

47
Q

LRNS - Minimum equipment list consists of

A

Two LRNS - INS + IRS FMS or a GNSS

48
Q

Explain how navigation systems assess the EPE

A

The Kalman filter
Measure other nav data GNSS/IRS - comparison between these position data and the FMS position

49
Q

What’s included in
Nav Application
Nav infrastructure
Nav Specification

A

Nav Application - STAR/SID

Nav Infrastructure- GNSS

Nav Specification - RNP/RNAV

50
Q

Angular Operation

A

Instrument approach ops in which max deviation is expressed in terms of deflection of the needle on the CDI

51
Q

Linear Operation

A

Instrument approach operation with maximum tolerable error expressed in units of length such as nautical miles for cross track lateral deviation

52
Q

A-RNP

A

5 2 1 2 1 APCH

RNAV 5
RNAV 2
RNAV 1

RNP 2
RNP 1
RNP APCH

53
Q

How is off track measured in linear operation vs angular operation

A

Linear operation tells us how far in distance (nm) we are from the desired track

Angular operation - CDI shows deviation related to angle off track. Measures certain amount of degrees off track

54
Q

Fly by turns vs fly over waypoints compatibility with RNAV and RNP

A

Fly by turns - RNAV flight path - variation in route due to changing conditions

Fly over turn - RNP flight track

Radio Navigation (13 decks)

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