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Radio Navigation > Basic Radar Theory > Flashcards

Basic Radar Theory Flashcards

1
Q

RADAR stands for

A

Radio Detection and ranging

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2
Q

Principles of radar system

A

Sends pulses at speed of light which hit an object and pulse reflected in the form of an echo

Time taken for pulse to return used to calculate range.

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3
Q

Primary Radar Gives

A

Bearing and distance of targets

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4
Q

Primary ground radar is used to detect

A

Aircraft not equipped with secondary radar transponder

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5
Q

Echo returns depend on

A

Corners = more echoes
Size/shape big/sharp = more returns
Water = more echoes
Ice crystal = less echoes

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6
Q

Transmit/receive switch

A

Protect receiver from high powered pulses

Ensures receiver is switched off when transmitting and ensures transmitter is off when receiver is on

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7
Q

Operations of a radar

A

Antenna transmits a big pulse of energy from the amplifier

Receiver receives the returning signal at a lower energy

Received signal is amplified

Processor calculate the range by comparing time and displays on screen

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8
Q

Waiting period

A

Duration in the receive phase waiting to receive returns
Must be twice max design range

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9
Q

Pulse length

A

Duration of the pulse measured in microseconds
Transmit phase

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10
Q

Pulse recurrence interval

A

Time from the transmission of one pulse to the next pulse

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11
Q

Pulse repetition frequency

A

Number of pulses occurring in a second

1 ———    PRI
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12
Q

Beam width

A

Narrow beam ideal/more information on target
Bigger dish = narrower beam width

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13
Q

Shorter the range the higher the

A

Frequency

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14
Q

Larger the range the lower the

A

Frequency

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15
Q

Radar range depends on

A

Frequency
Height of antenna
Height of aircraft
Pulse repetition frequency
Pulse length
Power of the pulse

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16
Q

Aerodrome surface movement radar

A

SHF 10-20GHZ

+ faster rotating antenna
+ higher frequency - shorter wavelength/narrower beam
+ shorter range = shorter pulse = greater resolution in depth

17
Q

Maximum unambiguous range is effected by

A

Pulse repetition frequency

18
Q

Minimum range of radar is affected by

A

Pulse width

19
Q

Max unambiguous range formula

A

Speed of light
—————————————-
2 x Pulse repetition frequency

Range (in km) = 300,000/ (PRF x 2)

20
Q

Range formula with transmitter power

A

4 x square root of transmitter power

21
Q

Minimum pulse range formula

A

Speed of light x pulse width
—————————————-
2

22
Q

Terminal Radar (PRF and Range)

A

High Pulse repetition frequency
Short range
Short time between pulses

23
Q

Area radar (PRF) (Range)

A

Low pulse repetition frequency
Relatively long range
Long time between pulses

24
Q

Equation to determine distance of a radar return

A

Time between sending pulse/receiving echo x speed of light
———————————————————————————-
2

25
Q

PSR - range and bearing is acquired

A

At the same time

26
Q

Max and minimum range of primary radar

A

Max range = c/(2xPRF) (remember km)

Min Range = (c x pulse width)/2

27
Q

MTI

A

Moving target indicator used to indicate moving targets and eliminate objects on the ground

28
Q

To double the range of PSR the power output required

A

Increases by 16

29
Q

Propagation delay

A

Time taken for the pulse to travel from the radar to the target and back to the radar

30
Q

Formula for PRF frequency

A

Rearranging the range formula

PRF = 300,000/ (range km x 2)

31
Q

Pulse Recurrence Rate

A

Rate at which pulses are emitted - Same as pulse repetition frequency

Amount of pulses transmitted per second

32
Q

Minimum and maximum is limited by

A

Minimum - Pulse Length
Maximum - Pulse repetition frequency

33
Q

ASMR

A

Aerodrome surface movement radar
Provides high quality display of all aircraft and vehicles and taxiways

Radio Navigation (13 decks)

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