PERDEV L2 Flashcards
Social relationship in middle and late adolescence
is the degree of intimacy and vulnerability
we offer to other people.
Personal Relationship
we learn to cooperate with others in
achieving a common objective.
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP
defined as any relationship or
interaction between two or more individuals.
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP
She defined social influence as things
such as behavior, actions attitude,
concepts, ideas, communications,
wealth, and other resources that bring
about changes in the beliefs,
attitudes, and/or behaviors of persons
as a result of persons as a result of the
action of another person.
Rashotte
3 Relation-ships that influence an
adolescent:
1.) The parental relationship
2.)The peers
3.) The community society and culture
when children go through puberty,
there is often a significant increase in
parent-child conflict and a decrease in
cohesive familial bonding.
The parental relationship
Adolescents who have a good
relationship with their parents are less
likely to engage in various risky
behaviors, such as smoking,
drinking,and unprotected sex.
The parental relationship
As adolescents work to form their
identities, they pull away from their
parents, and the peer group becomes
very important.
The peers relationship
Positive influence (of peers)
develop social skills,academic
motivation, and performance
Negative influence (of peers)
Peer pressure
contributed a lot to the child’s
development process; because of
that, the community and society
greatly influenced the adolescents’
relationships.
The community society and culture
Certain characteristics of
adolescent development are more
rooted in culture that in human
biology or cognitive structures.
The community society and culture
How culture shapes many aspects of adolescent development
Culture is LEARNED
and
socially SHARED
affects all aspects of an individual’s life for example a child is raised in a family-oriented environment when the child behaves in such a manner that is considered rude.
Culture
A Harvard psychologist that studies about Several Varieties of Social Influences
HERBERT KELMAN
Several Varieties of Social Influences
-Compliance
-Identification
-Internalization
Is when a person seems to agree and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it.
Compliance
Is when a person is influenced by
someone he or she likes or looks
up to like a movie star, a social
celebrity or a superhero.
Identification
Is when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately
Internalization
OTHER TYPES OF
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
-Conformity (pagsang-ayon)
-Conversion (pagbabagongloob)
-Minority Influence
-Reactance
-Obidience
-Persuation
A type of social influence that involve a
change in behavior, belief, or thinking to
be like others. It is the most common
and pervasive form of social influence.
Conformity (Pagsang-ayon)
2 varieties of conformity
1.)Information conformity
2.)normative conformity
Internalization in Kelman’s theory term
Information conformity
compliance in Kelman’s term
Normative conformity
Occurs when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her original thinking and beliefs, actions and attitudes to align with those of the other members of a group
Conversion (pagbababgong loob)
Happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by much smaller number or people and when the minority’s way of
looking at and doing things are accepted
Minority Influence
Is when there is a willing rejection of
a social influence being exerted on an
individual or group.
Reactance
This is also known as anti-or
non-conformity.
Reactance
Is a reverse reaction to some social
influence that is being imposed by a
person or a group on another.
Reactance
Is another form of social influence
wherein a person follows what some
one tells him or her to do although it
may not necessarily reflect the
person’s set of beliefs or values.
Obedience
Similar to compliance, usually stems from either respect or fear of the authority figure.
Obedience
Is used by one person or group to
influence another to change their
beliefs, action, or attitudes by
appealing to reason or emotion.
Persuation
According to _____ , the person who influences you has the power to change you because you tend to imitate some of
his or her personality traits.
Hogg and Vaughan (2011)
The action of leading a group of
people or an organization.
Leadership
He defined leadership as the ability of a
person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieve
Chester Barnard (1983)
is a relationship among leaders
and followers , which is
influential in effecting change
and realizing common goals.
Leadership
Often typecast as someone who is the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power even
if strength and wisdom were not part of his person’s.
Leader
As cited by _____, the
following are three leadership
styles that Lippit and White
had observed in their classic
study.
Hogg and Vaughan ( 2011 )
This leadership styles centralizes in authority. The leader derives from the position, control rewards , and uses coercion to make his or her group members follow. He or she is all of and focuses exclusively on the task at hand.
Autocratic Leadership
This leadership style results in a hostile , dependent and self oriented group environment , associated with high productivity when the leader is present.
Autocratic Leadership
The leader leaves the group to
its own capacity to finish its
tasks. He intervenes
minimally.
Laissez-Faire Leadership
create a friendly, group-centered yet play-
oriented atmosphere, relative to low productivity.
Laissez-Faire Realationship
A leadership that delegates authority to others , asks for suggestions, and discusses plans with members. He or she
depends on the respect of his members for influence.
Democratic Leadership
Leaders that have been proven to be LIKED and ADMIRED more than autocratic and laissez – faire leaders, because they create atmosphere that is open and not hostile, task oriented and group centered which associated with
high productivity.
Democratic leaders
EXISTING THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
-Traits theory
-Behavioral theory
-Participate theory
-Situational theory
-Transactional theory
-Transformational theory
Personality traits of leaders are important
indicators of their effectiveness. Judge et al. (2002) found in their study the big five
personality dimensions are:
- Extraversion / surgency ,
- Agreeableness ,
- Conscientiousness,
- Emotional stability
- Intellect / openness to experience
Defines based on certain personalities traits which are generally suited for all leaders, such as decisiveness , persistence, high level of self-confidence, and assertiveness, among others.
Traits theory
Presupposes that leadership is a learned behavioral, and that leaders are defined
according to certain types of behavior they exhibit.
Behavioral theory
-The opposite of an autocratic
leader ( Diktador na pinuno )
-The leader involves other people
to make common decisions.
Participate theory
Assumes that there is no one style of leadership and the leadership behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually takes into consideration how
followers behave
Situational theory
State that leadership involves a transaction or negotiation of resources
or position. Usually employs reward and
punishment.
Transactional theory
Involves a vision, which a leader uses totally support from followers, and the role
of the leader is in motivating others to support the vision and make it happens.
Transformational theory
