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personal development > perdev assessment#1 > Flashcards

perdev assessment#1 Flashcards

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Personal Development flashcards
1
Q

It is also called Self Development
It is a process of discovering oneself by realising one’s potential and capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a formal school or through environmental factors.

A

Personal Development

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2
Q

one of its meanings is recorded in the Greek encyclopaedia of knowledge called

A

“The Suda” - fortress or stronghold

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2
Q

is an old maxim or aphorism (know your limits) which in time has been used in varied literature and consequently gained different meanings.

A

Know thyself

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3
Q

He is a greek philosopher
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom”
“To find yourself, think for yourself”

A

Socrates

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4
Q

“Read thyself” from his work The Leviathan

A person is engaging himself/herself to reading books
- emphasised that a person learns more by studying oneself

A

Thomas Hobbes

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5
Q

Is one’s abstract and general idea about him/herself particularly toward his/her unique personality and his/her own perception about his/her set of values, point of views and behavior.

A

Self Concept

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6
Q

a french philosopher that focuses on identity, interest, intellect, passion, and feelings

A

Rene Descartes

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7
Q

He is the father of modern philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

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7
Q

Rene Descartes
a french philosopher that focuses on

A

identity, interest, intellect, passion, and feelings

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8
Q

defines it as “progressive series of changes that occur in a predictable pattern as the result of interactions between biological and environmental factors.
This means developing through the many changes that occur

A

Human Development

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9
Q

he defines it as “progressive series of changes that occur in a predictable pattern as the result of interactions between biological and environmental factors.

A

Neil J. Salkind (2004)

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10
Q

Self-concept has ———- aspects as enumerated by ——– namely

A

three aspects, sincero

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11
Q

This means that self concept can only be acquired as soon as the person——- how to mingle with others and so this indicates that self-concept is influenced by the person’s environment and can be a product of the person’s socialization.

A

Learned

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12
Q

This means that a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding him/her but will keep on believing that what he/she thinks of himself/herself is always the right one.

A

Organized

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13
Q

As an individual grows older, he/she continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation.

A

Dynamic

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14
Q

Sigmund Freud’s PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
what date

A

(1856-1939)

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15
Q

Freud believed that adult personality problems were the result of early experiences in life.

He believed that we go through five stages of ————- development and that at each stage of development we - experience pleasure in one part of the body than in others.

A

Sigmund Freud’s PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY (1856-1939)

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16
Q

Are parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development.

A

EROGENOUS ZONES OR PLEASURE AREAS

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17
Q

main point of psychosexual theory ,
each area or zone is important to develop a healthy personality.

A

Satisfaction

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17
Q

Is characterized by attachment to a particular object or activity that may affect development.

A

Fixation

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18
Q

5 Stages of Fixation according to Sigmund Freud

A
  1. ORAL STAGE
  2. ANAL STAGE
  3. PHALLIC STAGE
  4. LATENCY STAGE
  5. GENITAL STAGE
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18
Q

Oral Pleasure through MOUTH: eating, sucking, chewing, mouthing, chewing and biting.

A

ORAL STAGE ( Birth - 18 months )

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19
Q

Anal Pleasure to release tension through the
ANUS= eliminating and retaining feces and toilet training.

A

ANAL STAGE ( 18 months - 3 years

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20
Q

Pleasure through GENITALS.

The child starts to recognize what it means to be a boy or girl with their physical differences.

A

PHALLIC STAGE ( 3-6 years )

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21
Q

Attachment of boy to his mom.

A

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

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21
Q

Attachment of girl to her dad.

A

ELECTRA COMPLEX

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22
Q

Gender role identity formation.
Called puberty stage, this is the period of adolescence. Sexual interest is awakened.

A

GENITAL STAGE (puberty stage)

22
Q

Resolving fixations or conflicts in previous stages; developing academic and social skills, physical abilities, and talents.

A

LATENCY STAGE ( age 6-puberty )

23
Q

He expanded Freud’s theory that recognizes the importance of early experiences in childhood.

A

ERIC ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY (1902-1994)

24
Q

ERIC ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
what date

A

(1902-1994)

25
Q

is an important process in the psychosocial theory

A

Socialization

26
Q

how many stages are there in eric ericksons psychosocial theory

A

8

27
Q

MOST fundamental stage in life
The infant is utterly dependent on the parents, especially the mother, for sustenance and comfort

A

TRUST VS. MISTRUST ( Birth to 1 year )

28
Q

EARLY CHILDHOOD
The child begins to explore the world and learns that she can control her actions and eventually acts on her environment to get results.

A

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT (2 TO 3 YEARS)

29
Q

PRESCHOOL

Children are now capable of initiating activities and begin to assert control over their environment through social interactions and play.
Children who are successful in this stage feel CAPABLE and able to LEAD others.

A

INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (3-5 YEARS

29
Q

SCHOOL - AGE

Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of PRIDE in their abilities and accomplishments, particularly in school works, sports, social activities, and family life.

A

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-11 YEARS)

29
Q

ADOLESCENCE
Plays a CRUCIAL role in the development of a sense of PERSONAL IDENTITY

A

IDENTITY VS. IDENTITY DIFFUSION/ ROLE CONFUSION (12 TO 18 YEARS)

29
Q

EARLY ADULTHOOD
After the person developed a sense of self in adolescence, he is now ready to share his life with others.
Young adults want to blend with their friends and peers. They want to fit in!

A

INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (19 TO 40 YEARS

29
Q

LATE ADULTHOOD
As people get older their productivity slows down and begin to explore life as retired individuals.

A

INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (65 YEARS-UP)

30
Q

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
When a person makes a SIGNIFICANT contribution during this stage, for example, by RAISING A FAMILY or ENGAGING IN PRODUCTIVE WORK that contributes positively to society, a sense of GENERATIVITY or a sense of PRODUCTIVITY and ACCOMPLISHMENT

A

GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (40 TO 65 YEARS)

31
Q

SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY
what date

A

(1856-1939)

32
Q

Pleasure principles.
This means that the nature of Id is to satisfy man’s desire without thinking much of the situation.

A

ID (INFANCY)

33
Q

Reality principles.
This operates according to reality which makes it possible for the Id to work in a more proper and satisfactory ways.

A

EGO (age of 3)

34
Q

Morality principles.
This is the last component of personality which holds our moral judgments or concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment.

A

SUPEREGO (age of 5)

35
Q

JEAN PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
what date

A

(1896-1980)

36
Q

It focuses on children, from birth through adolescence, and characterizes different stages of development, including language, morals, memory, and reasoning

A

JEAN PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (1896-1980)

37
Q

One needs to strike a balance, a state he called

A

EQUILIBRIUM

37
Q

the process of achieving balance marks significant development of an individual.

A

EQUILIBRATION

38
Q

He is the director of the International Bureau of Education.

A

JEAN PIAGET

39
Q

The child learns through sensory experiences.
Knowledge is based on the senses, and the child response to people and things through reflex movements like sucking and grasping.

A

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE (FROM BIRTH TO 2 YEARS)

40
Q

Memory and imagination are developing

Children at this age are EGOCENTRIC-which means they have difficulty thinking outside of their own viewpoints.

A

PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE (FROM 2 TO 7 YEARS)

41
Q

Children can follow the form an argument without having to think in terms of specific examples.
He/she able to analyze problems, and different ways of solving it in a systematic way.

A

FORMAL-OPERATIONAL STAGE (11 TO 15 YEARS

41
Q

The child begins to be more logical and able to perform simple operations (example basic math computations)

A

CONCRETE-OPERATIONAL STAGE (8 TO 11 YEARS)

42
Q

LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT
what date

A

(1927-1987)

43
Q

Studied how children understand what is right and wrong, and how they develop a sense of morality.

A

LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT (1927-1987)

44
Q

The ability to distinguish right from wrong and to behave accordingly.

A

MORALITY

44
Q

there is recognition of authority who gives punishment or reward.

A

PRE-CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

45
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on what action is punished.
The child obeys to avoid punishment.

A

STAGE 1: PUNISHMENT AND OBEDIENCE ORIENTATION

46
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on what is rewarded.

A

STAGE 2: MUTUAL BENEFIT “REWARD ORIENTATION”

47
Q

there is understanding that there are rules to follow to be accepted and to maintain order.

A

CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

48
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on what others approve or disapprove of.

A

STAGE 3: SOCIAL APPROVAL “GOOD BOY/GIRL ORIENTATION”

49
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on the rules that should be followed.

A

STAGE 4: LAW AND ORDER “AUTHORITY ORIENTATION”

50
Q

there is flexibility in accepting rules.
An individual may not necessarily accept or follow given rules as she/he develops his/her own personal code of ethics.

A

POST-CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

51
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on laws; however, one recognizes that they can change.
An individual acts based on what will be good for the majority.

A

STAGE 5: SOCIAL CONTRACT ORIENTATION

52
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on universal principles.
One looks into one’s conscience, pursues justice, and seeks equality at all cost.

A

STAGE 6: UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

53
Q
A

personal development (5 decks)

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