Perceptual Cognitive Expertise

Question 1

Abernethy overview

Answer 1

Sport Expertise
– Control processes that distinguish experts from less skilled
– Processes though which expertise is acquired

ability to anticipate

approaches used to accelerate the learning of critical skills

Question 2

expertise

Answer 2

• Experts: Development of and increased access to an enhanced task-specific knowledge base through practice

1. Increased ability to detect task-relevant information
2. Strengthening of mappings or connections between input and output variables
3. Enhanced ability to more effectively organise movement information into higher order units or chunks (automaticity)

if they break down = less likely to be expert performance

know and spot the patterns

Question 3

PCE

Answer 3

Experts perceive performance scenes differently to novices (& make appropriate action).

built up over years of practice

experts pick up more relevant info and earlier - can identify and use it for decision making - make appropriate response

Question 4

temporal occlusion

Answer 4

Filming sporting action from internal perspective (e.g. goalkeepers perspective of penalty kick)

The film is then replayed and stopped at various points before or after kick - thus manipulating advance info

Subject is then required to predict outcome i.e. ball placement

try and predict future destination based on early information

Question 5

Football (Williams & Burwitz, 1993)

Answer 5

Experienced and non-experienced indicated
ball destination

4 different temporal conditions
• (t1) - 120 ms before • (t2) - 40 ms before
• (t3) - impact
• (t4) - 40 ms after

experts adv early on

nobody is very good at very early stages

everyone gets better the more info they have

Question 6

event occlusion

Answer 6

Temporal occlusion only tells us about time of extraction and not the nature of the info

We can occlude specific sources of info e.g. leg in penalty kick

Question 7

Abernethy and Russell (1987)

Answer 7

Experts and Novices indicate shuttle destination –

5 different event occlusion conditions
• Racquet and arm 
• Racquet only
• face and head
• Lower body
• Irrelevant

Question 8

results of Abernethy and Russell

Answer 8

Effect of removal of cues from the racquet and arm - prediction error increased

No effect of irrelevant cues

Racquet and arm are important anticipatory
cues for experts

Experts know where to look to pick up the relevant information (and know how to use that information)

Question 9

what is being manipulated in badminton exp

Answer 9

time periods:

1. 4 frames (-160ms) before the opponent struck the shuttle (t1)
2. 2 frames (-80ms) before the opponent struck the shuttle (t2)
3. at the frame when the opponent struck the shuttle (t3) or
4. 2 frames (+80ms) after the opponent struck the shuttle (t4)

types of shot (deceptive or not)