Perception- Acoustic cues to vowels and consonants Flashcards

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1
Q

How does production vary across and within speaker?

A

physiological, sociophonetic, speaking styles, accent
coarticulation
noise contamination (no absolute phoneme)

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2
Q

Bottom up perception uses

A

acoustic and visual cues

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3
Q

Top down perception uses

A

interpretation of linguistic cues

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4
Q

4 aspects contained in the speech signal?

A

Indexical info, suprasegmental, gross segmental, detailed segmental

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5
Q

indexical info is..

A

lungusitc and extra-ling: identify speaker and give information eg accent, age, gender

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6
Q

suprasegmental is..

A

Specific features that are superimposed on the utterance=
Common supra-segmental features are the stress, tone and duration in the syllable or word for a continuous speech sequence. Sometimes even harmony and nasalization are also included under this category.
- CHANGE MEANING

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7
Q

gross segmental is…

A

Amplitude envolope and duration (syllables or accent patterns)
-NO CHANGE IN MEANING

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8
Q

detailed segmental is..

A

acoustic CUES: perception of specific feature (eg formant f2 transition)

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9
Q

What is an acoustic cue?

A

a detailed segmental feature that when changed alters the acoustic perception - eg F1 and F2 are acoustic cues in vowels but others are not.

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10
Q

Describe the continuum technique for testing acoustic cues.

A

use synthesised speech and control all parameters and change only acoustic patterns

  • use a sound continuum and vary the VOT
    1) identification task (LABEL phonemes heard and plot gradient of variance against each word)
    2) Discrimination ( hearing DIFFERENCE between phonemes- plot % correct
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11
Q

What are the most important cues for acoustic perception?

A

phonetic features: place, manner, voicing

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12
Q

what is ‘cue multiplicity’?

A

tend to need all three cues to distinguish phoneme- signalled by more than one cue

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13
Q

Other cues?- Borden 2003

A

Cues of harmonics/aperiodic, intensity, form own duration

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14
Q

how do you measure categorical perception?

A

Goldstone and Hedrickson 2002: stimuli in equal stepsand identify difference doesn’t give equal change-> shown by tones (perceptual warping)

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15
Q

people have better __ than ___ category discrimination

A

across than within as there is a clear switch shown

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16
Q

Evidence for auditory sensitivities of mammalian auditory system

A

Kuhl and Miller 1975: chinchillas: conditioned to discriminate between /ta/ and /da/ and found same results as humans-similar cochlear

17
Q

Evidence for auditory sensitivities: Burn and Ward 1978

A

Musicians are better at distinguishing melodicity of chords and have better categorical perception than naive listeners

18
Q

why is it better to be sensitive to acoustic cues?

A

Able to decode speech in more contexts if have better perceptual sensitivities