Perception- Acoustic cues to vowels and consonants Flashcards
How does production vary across and within speaker?
physiological, sociophonetic, speaking styles, accent
coarticulation
noise contamination (no absolute phoneme)
Bottom up perception uses
acoustic and visual cues
Top down perception uses
interpretation of linguistic cues
4 aspects contained in the speech signal?
Indexical info, suprasegmental, gross segmental, detailed segmental
indexical info is..
lungusitc and extra-ling: identify speaker and give information eg accent, age, gender
suprasegmental is..
Specific features that are superimposed on the utterance=
Common supra-segmental features are the stress, tone and duration in the syllable or word for a continuous speech sequence. Sometimes even harmony and nasalization are also included under this category.
- CHANGE MEANING
gross segmental is…
Amplitude envolope and duration (syllables or accent patterns)
-NO CHANGE IN MEANING
detailed segmental is..
acoustic CUES: perception of specific feature (eg formant f2 transition)
What is an acoustic cue?
a detailed segmental feature that when changed alters the acoustic perception - eg F1 and F2 are acoustic cues in vowels but others are not.
Describe the continuum technique for testing acoustic cues.
use synthesised speech and control all parameters and change only acoustic patterns
- use a sound continuum and vary the VOT
1) identification task (LABEL phonemes heard and plot gradient of variance against each word)
2) Discrimination ( hearing DIFFERENCE between phonemes- plot % correct
What are the most important cues for acoustic perception?
phonetic features: place, manner, voicing
what is ‘cue multiplicity’?
tend to need all three cues to distinguish phoneme- signalled by more than one cue
Other cues?- Borden 2003
Cues of harmonics/aperiodic, intensity, form own duration
how do you measure categorical perception?
Goldstone and Hedrickson 2002: stimuli in equal stepsand identify difference doesn’t give equal change-> shown by tones (perceptual warping)
people have better __ than ___ category discrimination
across than within as there is a clear switch shown