Perception Flashcards
What is ‘Rule-based perception’?
Objects are associated using rules, for example ‘these are both animals’.
What is ‘Relationship-based perception’?
Objects are associated by how they relate to one another. For example, ‘this eats that’.
What is Holistic Perception?
Seeing the object in its context.
What is analytic Perception?
Seeing the object only.
What is the Gorilla Experiment?
What does it show?
When performing a simple task (counting the number of basketball passes made) people fail to spot a gorilla passing through the scene. It shows that our perception is heavily flawed and we do not spot everything.
Give an experiment that demonstrates humans’ poor perception.
The gorilla experiment shows that humans miss very obvious things that are right in front of them!
What is the Rational Process Model?
A rational way of making decisions:
Define problem, identify critical criteria, allocate weights to criteria, develp alternatives, evaluate alternatives, select the best alternative.
Why is the Rational Process Model flawed?
People cannot process many pieces of information. People can’t know all the information about a decision.
What is Bounded Rationality Theory?
We are not perfect decision makers, but satisfactory decision makers. Decisions are based on past experience, rules of thumb, and other factors.
List some typical biases that might affect decision making.
Availability bias Anchoring bias Hindsight bias Escalation of Commitment Randomness Errors
Which cultures associate Cows with chickens? What type of perception is this?
Western cultures using rule-based perception.
Which cultures associate cows with grass? What type of perception is this?
Eastern cultures using relationship-based perception.
Why would IKEA put sofas with coffee tables?
This is promoting holistic perception, which is common in eastern cultures.
Why would IKEA put grey sofas with red sofas?
This is promoting analytic perception, which is common in western cultures.
The two types of perception are holistic and ____
analytic
In western cultures, analytic perception is common. In eastern cultures, ____ perception is common.
Holistic.
I have lost lots of money into a fixed-odds betting machine. What perception bias keeps me playing?
Escalation of Commitment
Define anchoring bias.
The tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to properly weight subsequent information.
It is cold outside. How might this affect my perception of a place?
Availability bias. The weather information is readily available, but not particularly useful!
‘The outcome of the Brexit was obvious’. What bias might this be an exaple of?
Hindsight bias.
The two types of perception begin a___ and h___. What are they?
analytic perception
holistic perception
What is satisficing?
Humans make satisfactory, but not perfect decisions.
Human rationality is B_____
Bounded.
Humans make satisfactory decisions, not perfect decisions. To what theory does this belong?
Bounded Rationality Theory.
What model says that humans consider all options, have all information, and make the optimum choice?
Rational Process Model
What is a Matrix Organisation?
Organising a company so that different departments are in the same team helps improve links.
An organisation that is organised with different departments in the same team is called a ___
Matrix Organisation.
What is the opposite to a Matrix Organisation?
An organisation organised by functions.
What is the opposite to an organisation organised by functions?
A matrix Organisation
