Culture Flashcards
What is the socialisation Process?
Prearrival
Encounter
Metamorphosis
What is Reverse Causality?
Give a Theory.
Reverse Causality means than organisational cultures can change us and we join cultures that we fit in to.
PO Fit Theory: People are attracted to and chosen by organizations based on the match or fit between employee personality and organizational culture.
What is ASA?
Attraction, Selection, Attrition Model of joining a culture.
What is Socialization?
A person adapts to the culture that they have entered. It has three stages: Pre-Arrival, Encounter, Meta-morphosis.
What are the three stages of socialization?
Pre-Arrival: Learning about the culture before entering it
Encounter: Learns culture by observing others in the culture
Meta-morphosis: Culture becomes subconcious and completely natural
What is PO Fit?
Person-Organisation Fit, that people will choose AND BE CHOSEN BY organisations where they fit in.
Contrast Socialization and ASA.
Socialization: People will change to fit in to the culture.
ASA: People will choose, be chosen by, and selectively leave. People don’t fit into every culture.
How are PO Fit and ASA related?
PO Fit addresses Attraction and Selection of ASA. ASA also says that misfits will leave (attrition).
What is Cultural Transfer Perspective?
This is JOON’S PAPER. It says leaders come into new workplaces and try to create a FUNCTIONAL culture. However, they have BOUNDED RATIONALITY and suffer from AVAILABILITY BIAS.
Consequently, the culture they create is based on their past experience.
What is Leader-Trait Perspective?
The leader’s PERSONALITY selects the culture.
What is Functionality Perspective?
Cultures that exist have stood the test of time so must be useful for survival.
‘Leaders attempt to create a Functional Perspective’
From what theory is this?
Cultural Transfer Perspective. This is from Joon’s paper.
What is a culture?
A system of shared beliefs and assumptions implicitly held by members in a group.
What is an organisational culture?
A system of shared beliefs and assumptions implicitly held by employees in an organisation.
Give some examples of cultural characteristics.
Individualism Collectivism Adaptability Detail orientation Results Orientated People Orientated Collaboration Integrity
What is Cultural Strength
The degree to which a set of cultural characteristics are enforced by the group
What is Cultural Tightness/Looseness?
The degree to which a group enforces norms and rules.
Culture is an _____ control system
Culture is an IMPLICIT control system
What are the two types of control system?
Implicit (Culture) and Explicit (Rules, Laws)
Explicit control systems are very specific, so implicit control systems fill in the gaps.
What is a cultural artifact?
What you see hear and feel about a culture. For example, language, symboly, stories/myths, dress etc.
What advantages does a good PO Fit bring?
Increased likelihood of being promoted
Increased job satisfaction
Increased job performance
Increased well-being in the workplace
What is the functionality perspective?
Cultures are created to be beneficial to groups. Cultural Darwinism ‘The fittest cultures survive over time’. Evidence is that groups that suffered shocks in the past often have tighter cultures.
What is the Leader-trait Perspective?
A leader’s personality decides the group’s culture.
What is cultural transfer?
Leaders create their groups’ cultures based on their past experience in their former groups. THIS IS JOON’S PAPER!
What are the Leader Perspectives of culture? (there are 2)
A leader determines the group’s culture. In Leader-trait theory, the culture is based on their personality. In Cultural-Transfer theory, the culture is based on their prior experience.
Why is a cultural transfer culture not the same as a functional culture?
Leaders may choose the culture that they think is most functional, but they suffer from bounded rationality and availability bias and so the culture they create is imperfect.
Give evidence for the functionality perspective.
Cultures that have had external threats are generally tighter to protect themselves.
Why is the functionality perspective flawed? (The answer relates to cultures that are older)
Cultures can suffer from inertia, and so cultures that were good for survival in the past are not suited to the modern situation.
‘A culture that is older may not have changed much to reflect the new situation’. What culture perspective does this undermine?
Functionality Perspective.
Myths, uniforms, rituals are all examples of what?
Cultural artifacts
What theory has pre-arrival, encounter and metamorphosis?
Socialization Theory
“A leader’s personality decides the group’s culture.” To which theory does this belong?
Leader-Trait Theory
“Cultures arise to help groups to survive”. To what theory does this belong?
Functionality Perspective.
“People choose and are chosen by organisations where they would fit in”. To what theory does this belong?
Person-Organisation Fit Theory (PO Fit)
What is Reverse Causality?
We determine which cultures we join, and are more likely to join cultures where we fit in.
PO Fit is an example of ___ Causality.
Reverse Causality. ASA is also an example of Reverse Causality.
PO Fit and ASA are examples of Reverse Causality. What is an example of ‘normal’ causality?
The socialisation process: Pre-arrival, Encounter, Metamorphosis.
