People of the UK Flashcards
What do we trade?
services, cars, food, machinery(electric and not)
who do we trade with? (imports and exports)?
Imports: 1. Germany, China, Usa
Exports: Usa, Germany, Switzerland
How has trade changed over time?
Less goods being swapped Online services no trade slavery cargo ships and faster jets many more links
define inequality
The disparity between those who are well off and those who are not.
difference vs inequality. How do they differ
difference is the cause and inequality is the effect
how is income distributed across the UK
fifths
top 20 - 40 2nd 20 - 23 3rd 20 - 17 4th 20 - 13 5th 20 - 8
What are the patterns of inequality across the UK
Broadband, life expectancy, employment and educational attainment.
These all follow the north/south divide and more specifically the tees-exe line.
Educational attainment - London is the best - worst moving north but no the tees-exe line.
What are the causes of inequality and uneven development?
and give an effect of each
- geographical location - closer to Europe/coast for trading.
- Investment in infrastructure - Better links between some places, easier access to opportunity
- Economic change - Primary and secondary jobs not as important - less money
- Globalisation - some parts better connected - getting access and the riches from all over the world
- Technology - better technology already so easier to build on and advance.
describe the rise of the docklands as an international hub of trade (initially)
globalisation brought lots of trade on the boats which could enter the docklands. Lots of trade entered at the docklands meaning the area was rich with goods. Quality of life in the area also increased
describe the decline during WW2
simply the docks were bombed because they kept feeding Britain.
describe the decline after they were rebuilt
give some cause and effect too
in the 1960s/70s there was containerisation - which was safer, could transport more goods and was much quicker at the docks for unloading. These larger ships could not fit in the docks so business moved elsewhere. more people demanding services instead of goods too pop fell by 20% between 71 and 81 Unemployment rose to 18% 10000 jobs lost intervention was too expensive mega tankers became the norm 60% of land became derelict
describe the management by LDDC
an urban development cooperation that were to help the docklands built- an airport, DLR(rail), new housing
describe the social, environmental and economic consequences of the regeneration
social: Housing- 22,000 new homes created, pop in 1981=40,000 in 2000 it was 85,000.
Newcomers didn’t mix the locals-tension.
lots of the locals couldn’t afford the new housing.
huge shopping malls, a post-16 college, leisure facilities and a new area of campus for university of east London
unemployment from 14% to 7.4
ENV : 200,000 trees planted, visual pollution from high rise buildings, 130 hectares of open space created, 750 hectares of derelict land reclaimed, london’s first bird sanctuary, water-based ecology park, noise + air pollution from the buildings
ECO: jobs in 1981- 27,000, in 2000-90,000.
Many new firms and financial institutions
new roads- M11
city airport
Prices in area generally increased
Docklands light railway gave links to central London
give 5 good key terms to use relating to the UK’s population
Ageing population Death rate Birth rate Life expectancy dependency ratio
Reasons for rapid and recent growth in global population
better health care so better infant mortality rate
better health meaning longer lives
With this the birth rate has remained the same in most countries so there is natural increase
describe a population pyramid and what it means (AC, EDC,LIDC) and where they are on the Demographic transition model.
hope u got it right :)
Understand the DTM and where is the UK on it and why
UK is in stage 4
because its population is still slowly increasing
issues and opportunities with an ageing population
issues: Need increasing amount of care, possibly pulling family out of work
opportunities : elderly give up lots of time to volunteer and care for others
give back to the economy with the large amount of money left over for the in retirement
responses to an ageing population
pensioner bonds - saving money for retirement
pensioners receive support in the form of care
state pension age is being increased to 67
retirement age is being phased out to keep people working
Pronatalist policies to increase rate of birth
More immigration would increase the need for younger workers
describe the migration process involving EU and non-EU migration
EU Migration - significantly increased
in 2015 there were 3 million in the UK that were born in other EU countries
due to 8 new countries in the EU in the last 2 years there are many more people with easy access to the uk.
Most migrants come from : 1. Poland, Ireland, Germany
EU has a 75% employment rate of migrants
UK has 80% employment rate of migrants
What are the social and economic impacts of migration in the UK?
Economic - Migrants are mostly of working age to help with ageing population
Russell group universities suggest that migrants contribute 2.5 billion in fees per year
More workers means more people spending money
Social - Attitudes towards the new groups are often negative and can cause tension
communities benefit from having a wider number of ethnic groups
flexibility within work forces
Not enough houses with the current housing shortages
causes and impacts of sub urbanisation
Causes- initially land is cheaper in the suburbs Transport infrastructure improvements, quick access to city Less work in primary and secondary there can be more working from home growing population increased car ownership Impacts- Higher quality of life decay of traditional villages land price starts to rise local tax base increase retail opportunities construction on green belt land pollution
causes and impacts of counter-urbanisation
Causes : rail links closer to nature problems in cities ageing population green belt land business parks Impacts more time to be spent with families dormitory settlements changing character footloose industries - no need to be set up in a certain place busy train services and high transport costs house price increase second homes traditional rural services close lower carbon footprints greenfield land built on cities shrink traffic increases
causes and impacts of re-urbanisation
Causes: money spent by gov in the cities to gentrify interaction is key to innovation government pushing environmental targets Impacts rejuvenation of city centres change land use - traditional bulidings put to new uses - old buildings house prices rise cities prioritised by government brownfield sites favoured over green field :) no new land needed reduces transport needs
