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GCSE geog > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Social Development

A

Improvement to the quality of life for people living in the country

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2
Q

Define environmental Development

A

Improvement in the use and conversation of the natural world

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3
Q

Define economic Development

A

Increase in the wealth of a country

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4
Q

Define Sustainable Development

A

Meeting the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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5
Q

What is GDP per capita

A

total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year

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6
Q

What is absolute poverty

A

household income is below a certain level, Which makes it impossible for family or person to get the basics

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7
Q

What is the happy planet index

A

Happiness average x Life expectancy x equality over ecological foot print

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8
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of GNI per capita

A

ADV: Easiest to Calculate, Often strongly correlated with other development indicators so only need to use this one
DIS: Doesn’t take inequality, Only measures economic development, Doesn’t record people working in the informal sector

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9
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of HDI

A

ADV: Shows social and economic development, Shows gov spending on people in society, Uses GNI adjusted for prices so is more accurate.
DIS: Doesn’t take inequality, only 3 indicators used, Data is often unreliable, doesn’t look at environmental factors, doesn’t record people in the informal sector

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10
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Internet users

A

ADV: shows the development of infrastructure, Shows social and economic development,
DIS: Doesn’t take inequality, Data availability is poor and not widely published, doesn’t look at environmental factors,

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11
Q

List 4 facts about the consequences of uneven development

A

48% of the worlds money belongs to the richest 1%
In the last 50 years only 9 countries have moved from LIDC to EDC
In Iceland 98.5% of ppl have internet access whereas in the DRC its only 3.8%
it would cost us $10 billion to provide clean water for everyone but in Europe every year $11 billion is spent on ice cream

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12
Q

Give a rough overview of the current patterns in ACs, EDCs, LIDCs - use continents

A 
AC = Europe with 74.2%
EDCs = Asia with 26.8 %
LIDCs = Africa with 55.6%
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13
Q

Give the reasons for uneven development and explain each

A

Impact of colonialism- Where a country goes to another one and claims the power - Europeans between 16th cent to mid twentieth. This colonialism was to exploit raw materials. Can also bring new technology
Natural Hazards- negative impact on development. Frequent hazards will damage buildings, cause injury and reduce industry and farming. Some benefits are volcanic ash and floodwaters bring rich soil
Corruption- Means politicians take money for them self. This means there isn’t enough money for roads, health care, electricity or education
Natural Resources- Can give clean access to water, availability for timber and fuel, more fuel sources, minerals and metals to trade, energy and manufacturing. Can attract colonialism too
Trade- great money can be made off trade and develop a country too by connecting to the ROW. But trade with the wrong people can bring along debt and inhumane behaviour. Trade can be exploited by colonialists and corrupt people.

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14
Q

what is bilateral aid ?

A

Aid given from one country to another

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15
Q

which aid is given after a disaster to help provide immediate relief

A

Emergency short term aid

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16
Q

what is Conditional or tied aid

A

Aid that is given with strings attached

17
Q

what is charitable aid

A

aid that is given by non-government organisations such as Oxfam, usually small scale

18
Q

sustainable aid is

A

long term and focuses on helping future generations,

19
Q

Aid given by many countries and organised by an organisation such as united nations

A

Multilateral aid

20
Q

explain the 2 examples of how aid can promote development

A 
MSF - French charity (doctors without borders)
230,000 people got vaccines
857,000 patients treated for malaria.
>1.7 million outpatient consultations in 2017
The 'Omniprocessor'
Cheap for developing countries
Sorts human waste
Gives quick clean drinking water
Also produces electricity
21
Q

explain the 2 examples of how aid can hinder development

A

Corruption in DRC
The aid given in terms of money can support corrupt governments as the people don’t know of this money income so don’t expect to receive anything. In unstable areas the money could be hijacked by harmful or even terrorist groups. E.G. Mobutu took half of the $12 billion aid money.
Mosquito nets in Tanzania
used as fishing nets - destroys breeding ground
some used as football goals
some for farming pens
tied up to use as balls
Not using them for their desired purpose. Wasting money.

22
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:

  1. geographical location
  2. landscape
  3. climate
  4. ecosystems
  5. availability of natural resources
A
  1. Promotes - Not landlocked so can access world trade easily. Size of western Europe - huge area of resources
  2. Hinders - Difficult relations with surrounding countries, Rwanda and Uganda on east - recent wars 2nd Congo war = 5 million dead. : impact on trade, transport infrastructure, education. Volcs too on east border: 2002 -erupted and covered Goma in Lava
  3. Promotes - Congo River- 2nd largest river in the world, Opportunities for movement of goods, trade, tourism, irrigation and HEP.
  4. Hinders -Large areas of thick tropical rainforest and high mountains - difficult to develop (transport infra, urban areas etc)
  5. Promotes - Tropical climate : enables multi-cropping throughout the year and is attractive for tourism
  6. Hinders - Tropical climates can aid spread of disease , Malaria is the leading cause of Death in DRC, killing about 300,000 children under five every year therefore impacting on productivity, education, costs of medical care.
  7. Promotes - 2nd largest rain forest in the world and 5th most bio diverse country on earth too. Opportunities for resource extraction, tourism. Rich soils from volcanic ash - enables agriculture (18% GDP)
  8. Hinders - Soils in rain forest is poor - if deforested will and limit agriculture and change precipitation.
  9. Promotes - Lots of money to be made from resources. Mining sector - 24 % of GDP and 85% of export revenue. Products can be sold around the world
  10. Hinders - extraction of NR has fuelled wars and malitia groups - 5 million deaths off back of Congo war 2. It has also been a magnet of economists and money- seekers
23
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:

Political development and relationship with other states

A

Promotes - New president - Felix K maybe a new start. Chinese investment in Infrastructure of $14 billion
Hinders - Has been the hub of war in Africa especially with bad relationship to east with Uganda and Rwanda
Was also owned by Belgium

24
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:

Imports and Exports

A

Promotes - Money can be made from their exports of Coltan and Cobalt. Mining - 85 % of export revenue
Hinders - Export of goods can cause jealousy and violence. Agriculture - 18 % of GDP but only 3% of export revenue -UNDERDEVELOPED

25
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:

International investment

A

Promotes - Have received investment for greater infrastructure - e.g. China gave $14 billion for more infra . This gives the DRC to develop and modernise their infrastructure
Hinders - May become reliant on investment and get in great amounts of debt. Corrupt government can easily hord the investment

26
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:

  1. Population structure
  2. Employment structure
A
  1. Promotes - Young Population - more people in the work force
  2. Hinders - Hard to provide education, Hard for medical services.
  3. Promotes - Increasing workforce with young pop and growing pop with balanced numbers of M and F
  4. Hinders - Large employment in the military. Most employed in agriculture which doesn’t make much money or require education
27
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:
Social Factors:
1. Access to education
2. Healthcare provision

A
  1. Promotes - There has been a % increase in amount finishing primary. 70% finished primary school in 2012. Which is progress
  2. Hinders - Lots of kids not going to secondary school (past year 3) . 77.3% literacy rate at a primary level
  3. Promotes - Progress in infant mortality rate. Only an 8.8% mortality rate in 2018. MSF - 530 employed in DRC for Ebola emergencies
  4. Hinders - However these stats are quite poor. This means that 1 in 12 die before the age of 5
28
Q

DRC - Promotes and hinders development:

Technology development

A

Promotes - 22 million mobile users. This and technology advancements increase productivity in public governance, trade, health and education. Now 9% are receiving wages and paying bills through online banking this gives greater reliability
Hinders - The advancements in technology cause the curse of its natural wealth in the DRC. The need for cobalt and coltan causes jealousy and stress. This can lead to theft or invasion of the mines.
IN DRC terms - bad because the malitia receive money on online banking. Only small influence as only 3.8% have access to internet

29
Q

what is the role of aid in the DRC in these 2 examples
MSF
Corruption in the DRC

A

MSF - French charity (doctors without borders)
230,000 people got vaccines
857,000 patients treated for malaria.
>1.7 million outpatient consultations in 2017
Corruption in DRC
The aid given in terms of money can support corrupt governments as the people don’t know of this money income so don’t expect to receive anything. In unstable areas the money could be hijacked by harmful or even terrorist groups. E.G. Mobutu took half of the $12 billion aid money.

30
Q

Where does the DRC fit in the Rostow model and give 2 points to say why

A

Stage 2 - DRCs economy highly dependant on the mining sector - 24% of GDP and 85% export rev
Communication is developing - 22 million now with mobile phones 10x more than there was 10 years ago.

31
Q

What are the 5 stages of the Rostow model

A
  1. Traditional Society
  2. Pre-conditions for economic take off
  3. Economic take off
  4. Drive to maturity
  5. Age of high mass consumption

GCSE geog (5 decks)

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