People And Illness Flashcards
How many units until binge drinking
8 in a single day
Recommended max weekly unit intake
14
How many grams of alcohol in a unit
8g
Which pathways does alcohol get metabolised
Mitochondrial ethanol oxidising system, perioxisome pathway and direct pathway
What are ROS?
Reactive oxygen species. Oxygen molecules with a missing electron which will bind to whatever molecule it comes in contact with
What is the main cause of Parkinson dementia
Lewy body formations, formed from Alpha synuclein bundles. These destroy the substantial nigra, removing a dopamine pathway from the thalamus which is important for encouraging and inhibiting movement
What are the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease
Tau tangles and amyloid beta plaques which destroy tissue at the amygdala and cerebrum causing memory issues and cognitive decline
What causes frontotemporal dementia
Usually due to a genetic disposition, normally caused by Tau and amyloid deposites at the front and temporal brain causing executive function disorder
What causes vascular dementia
Reduced blood flow to the cerebral arteries due to damage to arteries or atherosclerosis of them
Usually leads to reduced memory functions and cognitive ability
What is Crutzfelt Jacob disease (CJD)
Condition where mutated prions are in the brain and they form plaques, degrading brain matter around them and mutating other prion proteins they come in contact with
Causes spongiform encephalopathy where holes form in the brain tissue
What is immunoediting
Process of immune system destroying cancerous cells in her body
What types of cancers spread mainly using blood
Sarcommas. Kidney, and rectal cancers also spread this way
Which types of cancer spread via lymphatics
Colonic and breast cancers commonly use this mechanism of spread
Which types of cancers spread through peritoneum
Cancers such as ovarian cancers
What is the mechanical theory of cancer spread?
It’s the principle where cancer spreads based on the blood supply of its current location. It will follow the flow of blood from its current location
What is the seed and soil theory of cancer spread
It’s the idea that cancer will only spread to organs that have an environment similar to its original tissue
What is ADHD?
Attention deficit disorder. Condition where individual may have issues focusing and be hyperactive, unable to remain still
What is the best first approach to dealing with ADHD
Attempt to regulate lifestyle and try to provide them with an environment that discourages ADHD behaviour
What are observed physical changes to the brain of someone suffering ADHD
Smaller brain, smaller basal ganglia
What are common co-morbidity with ADHD
Insomnia, ODD. (Opposition defiance disorder), depression
What is considered a hallmark sign of ADHD
Poor peer relations, inability to focus for long periods of time, hyperactivity
What is wernicke Karskov syndrome
It’s a condition which causes confusion and nystagmus which can eventually lead to permanent memory loss or worsened memory
It’s caused by a deficiency of Thiamine and the neurotoxicity of prolonged alcohol
What are monoclonal antibodies
Naturally modified medicines which provide the body with antibodies or molecules that strengthen the bodies innate ability to fight cancer and supports immunoediting
What is synaptic pruning
Synaptic pruning is the process of removing unneeded synapses and forming new synapses to make the brain more efficient.
Occurs during puberty and starts from the posterior of the brain and progresses until finishing at prefrontal cortex
