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Antimicrobials > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

Spectrum of Penicillin G

A

Gram +- cocci, non-B-lactamase producing anaerobes (Clostridum perfringens), spirochetes, gram + bacilli (bacillus anthracis, diphtheria)

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2
Q

Which has better oral availability?

Ampicillin vrs. Amoxicillin

A

Amoxicillin

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3
Q 
Antipseudomonal penicllins spectrum
C
T
P
A
M
A

Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, Azlocillin, Mezlocillin

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4
Q

Penicillin G is highly water ____
Stable in _____(dry/wet) state
Acid _____ (Labile/resistant)

A

Water soluble, dry state, acid labile

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5
Q

1 IU of crystalline benzyl penicillin =

A

0.6 micrograms of standard preparation

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6
Q

Concentration of standard natural penicillins can be increased by

A

Probenecid

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7
Q

2.4 million units IM of Benzathine penicillin once a week for 3-4 wks to treat

A

Syphilis

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8
Q

Action of probenecid

A

Inhibits tubular secretion of penicillin

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8
Q

Action of Benzathine and procaine penicillins

A

Delay absorption resulting in prolonged blood/tissue conc.

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9
Q

How to administer benzathine penicillin? Time in blood? Prevents?

A

IM injection of 1.2 million units
3 weeks
Prevents B-hemolytic streptococcal infection

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10
Q

How many hours will Procaine penicillin be Sufficient in 600,000 units

A

12-24 hours

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12
Q

Name 1 drug to treat UTIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli

A

Amoxicillin

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13
Q

Therapeutic uses of Penicillin V

A

Taken orally for minor infections especially group A streptococcus

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13
Q

Nafcillin is ____(water/lipid) soluble

Crosses BB? (Yes/no)

Extracted primarily in____

Administered via___ of ____grams every ____hours

A

Lipid soluble,
Can cross BBB
Excretes in bile
Intravenous infusion 1-2g every 4-6 hours

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15
Q

What treatment is preferred for Shigellosis?

A

Ampicillin

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17
Q

MRSA staphylococcal species action:

A

Altered penicillin binding proteins

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18
Q

Aminopenicillins spectrum

A

Grab + cocci, E. coli, H. Influenza, Listeria monocytogenes, borrelia burgdorferi, H pylori

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18
Q

Will food interfere with absorption of Isoxazolyl penicillins?

A

Yes

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20
Q 
Narrow spectrum Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins
M
N
O
C
D
I
A 
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Isoxazolyl Penicillin
20
Q

If methicillin resistant staph aureus, treat with____, if still resistant treat with (L,Q,D)

A

Vancomycin

Linezolid, Quinupristin, Daflopristin

21
Q

All oral penicillins should be given 1-2 hours before/after a meal except

A

Amoxicillins

22
Q

3 B-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

23
Q 
Extended spectrum of Ampicillin
E
L
E
S
A

Anaerobes, enterococci, listeria monocytogenes, Non B-lacatmase strains of E. coli and salmonella

24
Q

Treatment of Salmonella infections

A

Ampicillin

25
Q

Severe adverse effect of Ampicillin

A

Psuedomembranous colitis

25
Q

Therapeutic uses of aminopenicillins

A

URTIs

27
Q

Treatment of Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes

A

Ampicillin + Vancomycin + third generation cephalosporins

28
Q

Name 2 carboxypenicillins

A

Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin

29
Q

Ampicillin is good for what complication of salmonella?

A

Salmonella gastroenteritis

30
Q

GI distress, pseudomembranous colitis, and vaginal candidiasis caused by which penicillin?

A

Ampicillin

31
Q

Treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Carboxypenicillins

33
Q

High dose of carboxypenicillins can cause

A

Bleeding by interfering with platelet function

34
Q

3 Ureidopenicillins

A

Piperacillin
Mezlocillin
Azlocillin

35
Q

Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

The ureidopenicillins

36
Q

A dentist undergoes oral surgery and treats the patient (has abnormal heart valves) for prophylactic use of

A

Amoxicillin

36
Q

Outside of the urinary tract, antipseudomonal Penicillin is frequently used in combo with ___or___

A

Aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone

37
Q

Nephrotoxicity results from which penicillin?

A

Methicillin

38
Q

Which 2 penicillins causes platelet dysfunction?

A

Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin

39
Q

Which penicillin causes neutropenia?

A

Nafcillin

40
Q

Penicillin injected into syphilitic patient produces fever, malaise, joint pain, hypotension is called a ____reaction…

A

Jarisch-herxheimer reaction

41
Q

Clavulanic acid is prepared with 2 penicillins

A

Amoxicillin(oral) and Ticarcillin(parenteral)

42
Q

Sulbactam is taken with ___ administered via ___

A

Ampicillin via parenteral

43
Q

Tazobactam taken with _____ administered via ____

A

Piperacillin via parenteral

44
Q

Difference between B-lactams and penicillins

A

B-lactams are more stable to B-lactamases

45
Q

Burn patients and Cystic fibrosis patients need what type of drug?

A

Carboxypenicillins

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

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