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Antimicrobials > Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors > Flashcards

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

3 general indirect nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine

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2
Q

Sulfonamides are

Bacteriostatic/Bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Sulfonamides spectrum

S. E. H. K. S. S. E. T. PJ. VC. N. C.

Poor activity against______

A

Strep pyogenes, E. coli. H influenza, Klebsiella, salmonella, shigella, Enterobacter, toxoplasma, p jiroveci, vibrio cholera, nocardia, chlamydia

Poor against anaerobes

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4
Q

Sulfonamides inhibit what enzyme?

A

Dihydropteroate synthase

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5
Q

Sulfonamides are metabolized by _________and _________ in the liver.

A

acetylation and glucuronidation

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6
Q

Sulfonamides are ____soluble/insoluble in acid urine

A

Insoluble - drink plenty of water

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7
Q

What class of drugs cause crystalluria?

A

Sulfonamides

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8
Q

Oral sulfonamides (4)

A

Sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadoxine

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9
Q

Oral non-absorbable agents (1)

A

Sulfasalazine

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10
Q

Topic sulfonamide agents (3)

A

Sulfacetamide
Mafenide
Silver sulfadiazine

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11
Q

Drug(s) of choice to treat PCP in AIDS patients

A

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole)

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12
Q

Sulfonamide in combo with ______ to treat Malaria

A

Sulfadoxine & pyrimethamine

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13
Q

Sulfonamide used with _______ to treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Sulfadiazine & pyrimethamine

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14
Q

Sulfapyridine is combined with __________ for treatment of ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis

A

5-aminosalicylic acid

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15
Q

Sulfonamide used with _______ to treat P. jiroveci pneumonia

A

Sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim

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16
Q

Sulfonamide used to treat eye infections used topically

A

Sulfacetamide

17
Q

Mafenide can cause ______ and its use should be limited in burn patients

A

Metabolic acidosis

18
Q

Topical sulfonamide that release silver ions to exhibit anti-microbial action

A

Silver sulfadiazine

19
Q

Silver sulfadiazine is used in _________and preferred over mafenide for preventions of infection

A

Burn dressings and ulcers

20
Q

Trimethoprim inhibits which enzyme?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

21
Q

Trimethoprim is used best to treat ______ because it concentrates in ____

A

Acute UTI’s because it’s acidic

22
Q

In someone with G6PD deficiency taking sulfonamides, they should be careful of ____.

A

Hemolysis

23
Q

Fixed dose combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is called____?

A

Cotrimoxazole

24
Q

Spectrum of Cotrimoxazole

A 
S aureus (MRSA strains) 
S pneumonia
H influenzae
Klebsiella pneumonia
E. Coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Toxoplasma 
P. jiroveci
25
Q

Dose ratio of cotrimoxazole

A

5:1

26
Q

Therapeutic Uses of Cotrimoxazole

A 
UTIs
DoC in Nocardia
DoC in P. jiroveci
RTIs
Typhoid fever
Bacterial diarrhea
27
Q

Resistance to sulfamethoxazole (3 ways)

A

Overproduction of PABA
Lower affinity dihydropteroate synthase
Impair permeability

28
Q

Direct inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

A

Quinolones

Fluoroquinolones

29
Q

Nalidixic acid is active against

A 
Gram - bacteria
E. Coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Shigella
30
Q

Topoisomerase IV mechanism? Inhibited by?

A

Separates replicated chromosomal DNA into the respective daughter cells.
Fluoroquinolone

31
Q

Binding of Fluoroquinolone to both the enzymes and DNA forms a complex that _____________________.

A

Inhibits the resealing step and can cause cell death by inducing cleavage of DNA

32
Q

Fluoroquinolones should be taken ____hours before and ____hours after _______products

A

2 hrs; 4 hrs; cation containing

33
Q

You should reduce dose of fluoroquinolones in renal dysfunction except

A

Moxifloxacin

34
Q

2 fluoroquinolones used in typhoid fever

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

35
Q

Fluoroquinolones are used in skin, soft tissues and bone infection except

A

Norfloxacin

36
Q

3 respiratory fluoroquinolones

A

Levo, Gemi, and Moxifloxacin

37
Q

Plasma concentrations of theophylline, warfarin are increased by 2 FQs

A

Ciprofloxacin

Ofloxacin

38
Q

In terms of bacterial resistance, ________ can inactivate Ciprofloxacin

A

Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

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