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Antimicrobials > Cell Wall Inhibitors > Flashcards

Cell Wall Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins are not active against LAME

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Atypical bacteria
MRSA
Enterococcus

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2
Q

Cephalosporin used in Orthopedic surgery because it penetrates bone

A

Cefazolin

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3
Q

First generation cephalosporins high activity against? Specifically (3)

A

Gram positive cocci

Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella

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4
Q

First generation cephalosporin used in URTIs and penicillin/sulfonamide resistant UTI

A

Cephalexin

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5
Q

Surgical prophylaxis against gram positive bacteria

A

Cefazolin

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6
Q

Do first generation cephalosporins enter CNS?

A

No

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7
Q

First generation cephalosporins are eliminated primarily through

A

Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

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8
Q

First generation cephalosporins levels are increased in serum by

A

Probenecid

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9
Q

Base compound extracted from fungus and modified attachments of various R groups of cephalosporins is called?

A

7-aminocephalosporanic acid

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10
Q

Parenteral second generation cephalosporins (5)

A 
Cefuroxime
Cefamandole
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Cefmetazole
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11
Q

First generation cephalosporins

Which is parenteral? Which is oral

A

Parenteral - cefazolin

Oral - cephalexin, cefadroxil

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12
Q

Spectrum of 2nd generation cephalosporins? HENPEcK

A

Hemophilus influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, N. meningitidis, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella

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13
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins active against H influenzae (3)

A

Cefamandole
Cefuroxime
Cefaclor

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14
Q

3 therapeutic uses of cephalosporins

A

Upper and lower RTIs
Anaerobic infections
Community-acquired pneumonia

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15
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins to treat anaerobic infections (B fragilis) (3)

A

Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Cefmetazole

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16
Q

Oral Third generation cephalosporins (4)

A

Cefixime
Cefdinir
Cefibuten
Cefpodoxime proxetil

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17
Q

Spectrum of third gen cephalosporins (4 specific)

A 
Gram + cocci
HENPEcK
Pseudomonas
Serratia
Citrobacter
Providencia
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18
Q

Agents of choice (2) for treatment of meningitis caused by pneumococci, meningococcal, H influenzae but not L. Monocytogenes

A

Cefriaxone and cefotaxime

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19
Q

Third generation cephalosporins most active against P. Aeruginosa

A

Ceftazidime and Cefoperazone

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20
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin for typhoid fever

A

Ciprifloxacin

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21
Q

Only generation cephalosporin that can enter CNS? Except which drug?

A

3rd except Cefoperazone

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22
Q

The excretion of Cefoperazone and ceftriaxone is mainly through?

A

The biliary tract and no adjustment is required in renal insufficiency

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23
Q

Parental Fourth generation cephalosporins (2)

A

Cefepime, Cefpirome

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24
Q

Cephalosporin active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci

A

Ceftaroline fosamil

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25
Q

Cephalosporins of choice in pseudomonas infection (3)

A

Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone, Cefepime

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26
Q

Cephalosporins of choice in Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefixime

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27
Q

Cephalosporins of choice in acute otitis media

A

Ceftriaxone

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28
Q

Majority of cephalosporins are administered via___

A

IV or IM

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29
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins active against B fragilis

A

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Cefmetazole

30
Q

If a patient is allergic to penicillin, avoid cephalosporins, an alternative for Gram + consider____, for Gram - consider_____

A

Gram + = macrolides

Gram - = aztreonam

31
Q

Nephrotoxicity from which cephalosporin specifically?

A

Cephaloridine

32
Q

Oral second generation cephalosporins (2)

A

Cefaclor

Cefuroxime axetil

33
Q

Doripenem and Meropenem have greater activity against ______aerobes and less activity against _____ than imipenem

A

More = gram - aerobes

Less = gram +

34
Q

Drug of choice for Enterobacter

A

Carbapenems

35
Q

Name of Inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase? Used specially with?

A

Cilastatin

Imipenem

36
Q

Cefepime is a ___ generation cephalosporin and has good activity against (6)

A 
Pseudomonas
Enterobacteriaceae
S aureus
S pneumoniae
Hemophilus 
Neiserria spp
37
Q

4 carbapenems

D
I
E
M

A

Doripenem
Imipenem
Ertapenem
Meropenem

38
Q

Carbapenems are administer via____

39
Q

Which cephalosporins may cause bleeding due to hypoprothrombinemia? Because of what side chain? Administer _____ to correct the problem.

A

Cefoperazone, Cefamandole, Cefotetan, Cefmetazole

Methylthiotetrazole side chain

Administer VITAMIN K corrects problem

40
Q

Red man syndrome is a type ___ hypersensitivity reaction

41
Q

Ertapenem is sometimes given with _____ to prevent irritation effects

A

1 % lidocaine

42
Q

Given orally as back up drug for C. Difficile enterocolitis?

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Adverse effect of Imipenem

44
Q

Parenteral Third generation cephalosporins (4)

A

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefoperazone

45
Q

Monobactams are only given for ____ such as (3) administered via

A 
Aerobic gram negative rods like
H. Influenzae 
Pseudomonas 
Enterobacteria
Administer via IV
46
Q

Monobactams have no activity against _____ and ____

A

Gram + and anaerobes

47
Q

Cephalosporins of choice in meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime

48
Q

Which carbapenem should not be used for P aeruginosa

49
Q

Aztreonam has structural similarities to which 3rd generation cephalosporin?

A

Ceftazidime

50
Q

What is the only Monobactam called?

51
Q

2 glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Vancomycin, teicoplanin

52
Q

3 adverse effects of vancomycin

A

Red neck syndrome

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

53
Q

Triple topical antibiotic

A

Bacitracin, polymyxin, neomycin

54
Q

Vancomycin mechanism of action

Bactericidal/Bacteriostatic?

A

Inhibition of synthesis of peptidoglycan binding to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus inhibiting transglycosylation

Bactericidal

55
Q

Vancomycin is Effective against MRSA because…

A

Does not bind to PBP

56
Q

Spectrum of Vancomycin

A

Only Gran +
Enterococcus
MRSA

57
Q

2 Adverse effects of daptomycin

A

Myopathy and allergic pneumonitis

58
Q

Replacement of D-Ala-D-Ala to ____ leads to vancomycin resistance

A

D-Ala-D-Lactate

59
Q

Vancomycin is ____(lipid/water) soluble; ____ absorbed orally

A

Water soluble; poorly absorbed orally

60
Q

Vancomycin is used orally only for the treatment of antibiotic associated colitis caused by

A

C. difficile

61
Q

Parenteral doses of vancomycin must be administered intravenously by ______

A

Slow IV infusion

62
Q

Vancomycin does not enter ___ tissue

63
Q

Vancomycin is primarily excreted by ____

A

Glomerular filtration

64
Q

How to prevent red man syndrome from vancomycin (2 ways)

A

Prolong the infusion period (1-2 hrs) or pretreatment with antihistamines

65
Q

What two protein inhibitors are used for treatment of vancomycin resistant organisms?

A

Linezolid

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

66
Q

Action of fosfomycin

A

Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis

67
Q

Spectrum of fosfomycin

A

Gram +

Gram -

68
Q

Daptomycin binds to cell-membrane via ____-dependent insertion of its ____ resulting in _____ of the membrane resulting in____

A

Calcium dependent;
Lipid tail;
Depolarization;
Potassium efflux and rapid cell death

69
Q

Vancomycin is used in combo with _____(3) for treatment of meningitis due to penicillin-resistant strains of pneumococcus

A

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone or
Rifampin

70
Q

Is fosfomycin safe in pregnancy?

71
Q

Vancomycin is used in combo with ___ to treat enterococcus endocarditis in a patient with penicillin allergy

A

Gentamicin

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

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