Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

*For what conditions is bactericidal antibiotic therapy required? (4 dz’s)

A
  • Meningitis - Endocarditis - Osteomyelitis - Febrile neutropenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic? Cell wall formation/synthesis inhibitors are in general _____________. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors are ___________. Protein synthesis inhibitors tend to be ____________. Metabolic inhibitors are usually ______________.

A

Cell wall formation/synthesis inhibitors are in general bacteriocidal. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors are bacteriocidal. (exception: aminoglycosides) Protein synthesis inhibitors tend to be bacteriostatic. Metabolic inhibitors are usually bacteriocidal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 key concepts to consider regarding infection when considering antibiotic tx?

A
  • Severity - Site - Organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 6 key concepts to consider regarding the host when considering antibiotic tx?

A
  • Allergies - Age - Pregnancy - Renal/hepatic function - Drug interactions (w/theirs) - Underlying disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 7 key concepts to consider regarding the drug when considering antibiotic tx?

A
  • Predicted activity/measured susceptibility - Clinical efficacy - “Drug of choice” - PK and tissue penetration - PD (need cidal?) - Side Effects - Cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 groups of natural PCNs?

A

PCN G and PCN VK (oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 types of penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A

Nafcillin, oxacillin, methacillin, dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 aminopenecillins?

A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the carboxypenicillin?

A

Ticarcillin (not avail.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the ureidopenicillin?

A

Piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 4 beta-lactamase inhibitor-combo treatments. (just the overall drug names)

A
  • Unasyn - Timentin - Zosyn - Augmentin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are PCNs time- or conc-dependent killing?

A
  • Time-dependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What group does PCNs have synergy w/?

A

Aminoglycosides (against Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., viridans strep, and gram-negative bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PCNs distribute throughout body tissues/fluids except for these 3 sites:

A

Eye, prostate, and uninflammed CSF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*What 5 things are natural PCNs commonly used for treating, besides the organisms previously mentioned? (extra stuff that’s on slides but not blue)

A
  • Actinomyces - Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) - Endocarditis prophylaxis - Prevention of rheumatic fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of infections (not organisms) are amino-PCNs used to treat?

A
  • Respiratory tract infections - Pharyngitis - Sinusitis - Otitis media - Bronchitis - UTIs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Although not clinically available, what types of conditions do ticarcillin and pipercillin typically treat?

A

Hospital-acquired infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination treatment Augmentin is typically used to treat what sx?

A

Sinusitis, otitis media, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, human or animal bite wounds (similar to amino-PCNs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination treatments Unasyn, Zosyn, Timentin are typically used to treat what major types of infections?

A
  • Polymicrobial infections - Empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia or hospital-acquired infections (Zosyn)
20
Q

MoA of all beta-lactams? - Cidal or static?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding and thus inhibiting PBPs. Inhibits final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis. - Bactericidal

21
Q

*Most beta-lactams are eliminated by the ___________. *What are the exceptions? (don’t forget cephalosporins)

A

Kidneys - Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (PRPs) - Ceftriaxone (cephalosporin) - Cefoperazone (cephalosporin)

22
Q

What are the beta-lactam mechs of resistance? (Which is most important?)

A

Beta-lactamase enzymes (most important; cephalosporins are less susceptable), PBP alteration, decreased membrane penetration

23
Q

2 eg’s of organisms that inhibit beta-lactams via beta-lactamase are:

A
  • PRSP - MRSA
24
Q

What 2 drugs are contained in Unasyn?

A

Ampicillin-sulbactam

25
Q

What 2 drugs are contained in Timentin?

A

Ticarcillin-clavulanate

26
Q

What 2 drugs are contained in Zosyn?

A

Piperacillin-tazobactam

27
Q

What 2 drugs are contained in Augmentin?

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

28
Q

What is the route of administration of PCN G, aqueous form? Benzathine salt form? Procaine form?

A
  • Aqueous: IV - Benzathine: IM - Procaine: IM
29
Q

What is the route of administration for PCN VK?

A

PO (acid stable)

30
Q

Which of the 4 penicillinase-resistant penicillins can be given orally?

A

Dicloxacillin

31
Q

Which of the amino-PCNs have better oral uptake?

A

Amoxicillin

32
Q

Which of the 4 beta-lactamase inhibitor combo treatment drugs can be given orally?

A

Augmentin

33
Q

How do drugs like sulbactam, clavulante, and tazobactam block bacteria from attacking PCNs, which are given together with these drugs?

A

Prevent beta-lactamase enzymes from working

34
Q

With PCNs, do we want more time above MIC, or greater peak:MIC ratio?

A

More time above MIC (cuz time-dependent killing)

35
Q

ALL penicillins have ________ elimination half-lives, and require (frequent/infrequent) dosing. - What are the 2 exceptions to this?

A

Short (

36
Q

*Name the main target organisms of natural penicillins.

A
  • Penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae - infections due to other streptococci - Neisseria meningitidis - Syphilis - Clostridium perfringens + tetani
37
Q

*Name the main target organism of penicillinase-resistant PCNs (PRPs).

A

Infections due to MSSA such as skin and soft tissue infections

38
Q

*Name the main target organisms of aminopenicillins.

A
  • Enterococcal infections (often with an aminoglycoside) - Listeria monocytogenes
39
Q

*Name the main target organisms of Carboxypenicillins and Ureidopenicillins.

A
  • Empiric therapy for HA-infections - Infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (esp piperacillin)
40
Q

Adverse effects of PCNs?

A
  • Hypersensitivity rxns (3-10%; cross-reactivity amongst all + some other beta-lactams) - Neurologic (seizures) (- Hematologic) (- GI) (- Interstitial nephritis)
41
Q

What organisms do natural PCNs inhibit?

A

Gram +: PCN-susc. S. aureus (rare), *PCN-susc. S. pneumoniae, *group streptococci, viridans streptococci, enterococcus spp., bacillus spp. Gram -: *Neisseria spp., Pasteurella multocida. Anaerobes: above the diaphragm, *clostridium spp. Other: treponema pallidus (*syphilis; drug of choice)

42
Q

What organisms do penicillinase-resistant penicillins inhibit?

A

Gram +: meth.-susc. S. aureus (*MSSA; target), group streptococci, viridans streptococci.

43
Q

What organisms do aminopenicillins inhibit?

A

Gram +: pen. Susc. S. aureus (rare), pen. Susc. S. pneumoniae, group streptococci, viridans streptococci, *enterococcus spp., *listeria monocytogenes. *Gram -: Proteus mirabilis, some e coli, salmonella, shigella, beta-lactam h. influenzae.

44
Q

What organisms do carboxypenicillins inhibit?

A

Gram +: “marginal” Gram -: Proteus mirabilis, some e coli, salmonella, shigella, beta-lactam h. influenzae, enterobacter spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa (target)

45
Q

What organisms do ureidopenicillins inhibit? (Lots, maybe just name the 2 targets)

A

Gram +: Viridans strep, group strep, some enterococcus. Gram -: Proteus mirabilis, some e coli, salmonella, shigella, beta-lactam h. influenzae, enterobacter spp., *pseudomonas aeruginosa (target), serratia marcescens, some klebsiella spp. Anaerobes: faily good activity (target)

46
Q

What organisms do beta-lactamase inhibitor-combos inhibit?

A

Gram +: S aureus (target; not MRSA). Gram -: H influenzae, e coli, proteus spp., klebsiella spp., Neisseria gonorrhea, moraella catarrhalis. Anaerobes (target): Bacterioids spp.

Pharm (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions