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Pharm Exam 5 > Penicillin > Flashcards

Penicillin Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins are what kind of active agent?

A

Cell wall active

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2
Q

Inhibits protein synthesis in tuberculosis by inhibiting RNA Polymerase.

A

Rifampin

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3
Q

The active component of Penicillin.

A

Beta-lactam ring

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4
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Binds to Transpeptidase, preventing the formation of the bacterial cell wall.

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5
Q

Function of Transpeptidase.

A

1) Links peptidoglycans together to form the bacterial cell wall..
2) Allows glycoside residues to stick to the the peptidoglycan chain.

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6
Q

This enzyme is bifunctional in the synthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall.

A

Transpeptidase

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7
Q

Transpeptidase activity is called this bc of it’s bifunctional nature.

A

Transglycolase activity

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8
Q

Penicillins only work on these organisms.

A

Actively replicating

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9
Q

Penicillins will not kill these organisms.

A

Static or stationary phase bacteria.

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10
Q

These are most commonly encoded on plasmids to cause Penicillin resistance.

A

Beta Lactamases

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11
Q

Abbreviation for Transpeptidase.

A

PBP

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12
Q

Alterations in these can decrease susceptibility to many penicillins.

A

PBP transpeptidases.

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13
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staph aureus

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14
Q

There’s Penicillin-resistant

A

Strep pneumonia

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15
Q

These Penicillins are most prescribed by dentists.

A

Natural Penicillins (Pen V and Pen G)

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16
Q

Which natural Penicillin is better orally?

A

Pen V bc Pen G is acid labile.

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17
Q

For serious infections of oral anaerobes that have beta lactamases, which antibiotic is best?

A

Clindamycin.

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18
Q

These Penicillins are used more for their better absorptoin and long half-life with similar activity to Penicillin.

A

Amino penicillins, like Amoxicillin

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19
Q

Penicillin used commonly for prophy for endocarditis.

A

Amoxicillin (2g 1 hr prior to invasive dental procedure).

20
Q

Not a good anti-Staphylococcal drug and is still degraded by beta lactamases.

A

Amoxicillin

21
Q

Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin

A

Nafcillin

22
Q

Amino Penicillin

A

Amoxicillin

23
Q

Extended spectrum Penicillin

A

Piperacillin

24
Q

If allergic to Penicillin, can get this.

A

Desensitization

25
Q

Adverse effect of Methicillin allergy

A

Interstitial nephritis

26
Q

A beta lactamase inhibitor.

A

Clavulonic acid

27
Q

Bind irreversibly to beta lactamases, and act as “suicide inhibitors” and cause destruction of enzymes.

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors.

28
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors have the greatest activity against what kind of oral bacteria?

A

Gram + anaerobes.

29
Q

This oral formulation is given when a dental infection won’t go away with Penicillin.

A

Amoxicillin and Clavulonic acid

30
Q

This is most commonly prescribed for serious dental infections.

A

Clindamycin

Often used bc it’s not affected by beta lactamases.

31
Q

These antibiotics have a beta lactam ring and also attack the cell wall of bacteria.

A

Cephalosporins

32
Q

Bacterial cell wall-active agents.

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

33
Q

A really bad thing about Cephalosporins.

A

Have a big chance of being allergic to Cephalosporins if you’re allergic to Penicillin.

34
Q

Cephalosporins CANNOT be used in these people.

A

People allergic to Penicillins.

35
Q

Can you take Aztreonam if you’re allergic to Penicillin?

A

Yes! There’s NO Cross-reactivity

36
Q

Bacteria that have these are resistant to carbepenems.

A

Metallo-beta lactamase-Zn

37
Q

Always given with Cilistatin

A

Imipenem

38
Q

Binds to D-ala-D-ala to inhibit transglycosylation.

A

Vancomycin

39
Q

Location of Vancomycin binding on the bacterial cell wall.

A

Terminal D-ala-D-ala.

40
Q

Type of bond between Vancomycin and D-ala-D-ala

A

Electrostatic

41
Q

Type of bacteria that Vancomycin kills.

A

Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes.

42
Q

“In the van we have: ….”

A

Positive aerobes and anaerobes.

43
Q

Is Vancomycin used for the prophylaxis of endocarditis?

A

NEVER

44
Q

If Vancomycin is taken this way, it’s causes pseudomembranous colitis.

A

Orally

45
Q

What occurs with rapid administration (less than 1 hr for 1 gram dose) of Vancomycin?

A

Severe histamine reaction and “Red Man” or “Red Neck Syndrome.”

46
Q

Older preparations of Vancomycin were what?

A

Impure and caused nephrotoxicity.

47
Q

Newer formulations of Vancomycin carry little increased risk of this.

A

Nephrotoxicity.

Pharm Exam 5 (8 decks)

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