Anti-Virals, Non-HIV Flashcards
These are active against all strains of influenza A and B
Neuraminidase inhibitors
What drug class are neuraminidase inhibitors?
Anti-virals
A chain terminator that gets incorporated into viral DNA
Acyclovir triphosphate
First step in HIV replication cycle.
HIV virus binds to CD4+ T cell via gp120 protein and chemokine receptors (which are on the T cell) CCR5 and CXCR4.
How doe the HIV virus fuse to the host cell?
Leucine zipper mechanism using gp 40.
What does the virus release once it’s entered the host cell?
TWO ssRNA
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
Protease
Chemokine receptors on CD4 T cell that bind to HIV virus.
CCR5 and CXCR4
What does reverse transcriptase do?
Trasncribes the ssHIV RNA to dsHIV DNA.
Components of the Pre-Integration Complex (PIC).
Viral proteins
dsHIV DNA
Integrase
What happens once the PIC forms?
PIC enters the nucleus, and Integrase incorporates the viral DNA into the host DNA.
HIV genes that are transcribed from the combined viral and host DNA.
gag, gag-pol, and env.
Function of protease.
Cleaves gag and gag-pol polypeptides from the transcript.
What occurs once protease has cleaved gag and gag-pol polypeptides?
The viral proteins and ssRNA assemble into a virion, and it leaves the cell.
How do Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors work?
They’re nucleoside analogs.
They get phosphorylated and incorporated into the growing chain, causing chain termination.
A single nucleotide change in reverse transcriptase can cause resistance to this drug.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Viral turnover of Reverse Transcriptase.
Over 10 billion particles a day.
Describe the environment for selection of resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
The chances of resistance are high bc Reverse Transcriptase makes 10 billion viruses a day.
The first Integrase inhibitor.
Raltegravir
The grave for Integrase
Raltegravir
This drug is added for “boosting.”
Ritanovir.
An “enhancer” that inhibits Cyt P450.
Available in combination with elvitegravir/cobistat/emtricitibine/tenofovir and as a single agent.
Cobicistat
How is Hep c spread?
Through the blood.
Where does Hep C replicated?
Liver cells (Hepatocytes).
Hep C drugs that are NS3 Proteast inhibitors have this in the name.
PR
Ex: bocePRavir, telaPRavir, simePRavir
Hep C drugs that are NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors have this in the name.
B
ex: sofosBuvir
dasaBuvir
Ns5A-RNA binding and assembly replication complex inhibitors have this in the name.
A
ex: LedipAsvir
daclatAsvir
velpatAsvir
A once daily nucleoside analogue used for Hep C.
NS 5B RNA polymerase inhibitor
A once daily nucleoside analogue used for Hep C.
NS 5B RNA polymerase inhibitor
sofosbuvir.
