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Pharmacology - sem 2 > penicillin > Flashcards

penicillin Flashcards

1
Q

types of penicillins

A
  1. penicillins
  2. broad spectrum
  3. penicillinase resistant
  4. extended spectrum
  5. beta-lactamase inhibitors
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2
Q

indications for basic penicillins

A
  • staph infections

- severe wound & respiratory infections

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3
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibit growth of bacteria

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4
Q

bactericidal

A

kill bacteria

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5
Q

Basic penicillins

A
  • “beta lactam antibiotics”
  • both bacteriostatic & bacteriocidal based on dose
  • narrow spectrum to a very few pathogens
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6
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins

A
  • “aminopenicillins”
  • bactericidal
  • against both gram + and -
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7
Q

indications of broad spectrum penicillins

A
  • LRI
  • otitis media
  • sinusitis
  • UTI
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8
Q

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

A
  • “antistaphlococcal penicillin”
  • bactericidal
  • against gram + only
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9
Q

extended spectrum penicillins

A
  • “antipseudomonal penicillins”
  • bactericidal
  • against gram - only
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10
Q

indications of extended spectrum penicillins

A

infections of

  • bone
  • skin
  • respiratory
  • urinary
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11
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

combine with broad spectrum antibiotics to extend the antimicrobial effect

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12
Q

indications for beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

penicillinase producing staph

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13
Q

labs with amoxicillin

A

incresed AST, ALT, BUN/Cr

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14
Q

food interactions with amoxicillin

A

decreased effect with acidic fruits and juices

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15
Q

side effects of amoxicillin

A

n/v/d, rash, edema

adverse: blood dyscrasias, bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, respiratory distress

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16
Q

indication of augmentin

A
  • sinusitis
  • pneumonia
  • bronchitis
17
Q

indication of zosyn

A 
(reduce the dose in those with renal insufficiency)
infections of
-bone
-joint
-stomach
-skin
-UTI
-pneumonia
18
Q

drug interactions with penicillins

A
  • amoxicillin&ampicillin decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
  • K+ supplements increase K+ levels when taken with Potassium penicillin G or V
  • penicillin and aminoglycosides are inactivated when mixed together in IV fluids
19
Q

side effects of penicillins

A 
n/v/d, rash, itching, fever, chills
adverse:
-superinfection (notify MD - usually when broad spectrum drugs are taken 7+days)
-hypersensitivity
-laryngeal edema
-wheezing
-hypotension
20
Q

nursing interventions for penicillins

A
  • C&S before med administration
  • monitor closely for bleeding
  • observe for allergic reaction - usually 2nd dose
  • increase fluid intake
  • assess for superinfection (stomatitis & vaginitis)
21
Q

cephalosporins

A
  • beta lactam structure
  • bactericidal
  • similar to penicillin
22
Q

indications of cephalosporins

A

infections of

  • respiratory
  • urinary
  • skin
  • bone
  • joint
  • general infection
23
Q

side effects of cephalosporins

A

-n/v/d
-GI distress
-HA
adverse
-nephrotoxicity (in renal failure)

24
Q

drug interactions with cephalosporins

A
  • alcohol may cause a really bad hangover (flushing, dizineess, HA, n/v, muscular cramps)
  • decreased effect of oral contraceptives
  • uricosurics will decrease excretion of cephalosporins causing accumulation & toxicity
25
Q

nursing interventions for cephalosporins

A
  • ** assess for allergic reaction
  • C&S before therapy
  • assess for renal & liver function
  • monitor for superinfection
  • monitor bleeding studies, VS, UO
26
Q

client teaching for cephalosporins

A
  • drink buttermilk or yogurt for long term use to prevent superinfection
  • complete course of meds unless there is an allergic reaction
  • infuse all meds 30mins +
  • report all side effects
27
Q

drug interactions with amoxicillin

A
  • increased effects when taken with aspirin and probenecid

- decreased effects when taken with tetracycline and erythromycin

Pharmacology - sem 2 (6 decks)

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