penicillin

Question 1

types of penicillins

Answer 1

1. penicillins
2. broad spectrum
3. penicillinase resistant
4. extended spectrum
5. beta-lactamase inhibitors

Question 2

indications for basic penicillins

Answer 2

• staph infections

- severe wound & respiratory infections

Question 3

bacteriostatic

Answer 3

inhibit growth of bacteria

Question 4

bactericidal

Answer 4

kill bacteria

Question 5

Basic penicillins

Answer 5

• “beta lactam antibiotics”
• both bacteriostatic & bacteriocidal based on dose
• narrow spectrum to a very few pathogens

Question 6

Broad spectrum penicillins

Answer 6

• “aminopenicillins”
• bactericidal
• against both gram + and -

Question 7

indications of broad spectrum penicillins

Answer 7

• LRI
• otitis media
• sinusitis
• UTI

Question 8

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

Answer 8

• “antistaphlococcal penicillin”
• bactericidal
• against gram + only

Question 9

extended spectrum penicillins

Answer 9

• “antipseudomonal penicillins”
• bactericidal
• against gram - only

Question 10

indications of extended spectrum penicillins

Answer 10

infections of

• bone
• skin
• respiratory
• urinary

Question 11

beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 11

combine with broad spectrum antibiotics to extend the antimicrobial effect

Question 12

indications for beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 12

penicillinase producing staph

Question 13

labs with amoxicillin

Answer 13

incresed AST, ALT, BUN/Cr

Question 14

food interactions with amoxicillin

Answer 14

decreased effect with acidic fruits and juices

Question 15

side effects of amoxicillin

Answer 15

n/v/d, rash, edema

adverse: blood dyscrasias, bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, respiratory distress

Question 16

indication of augmentin

Answer 16

• sinusitis
• pneumonia
• bronchitis

Question 17

indication of zosyn

Answer 17

(reduce the dose in those with renal insufficiency)
infections of
-bone
-joint
-stomach
-skin
-UTI
-pneumonia

Question 18

drug interactions with penicillins

Answer 18

• amoxicillin&ampicillin decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
• K+ supplements increase K+ levels when taken with Potassium penicillin G or V
• penicillin and aminoglycosides are inactivated when mixed together in IV fluids

Question 19

side effects of penicillins

Answer 19

n/v/d, rash, itching, fever, chills
adverse:
-superinfection (notify MD - usually when broad spectrum drugs are taken 7+days)
-hypersensitivity
-laryngeal edema
-wheezing
-hypotension

Question 20

nursing interventions for penicillins

Answer 20

• C&S before med administration
• monitor closely for bleeding
• observe for allergic reaction - usually 2nd dose
• increase fluid intake
• assess for superinfection (stomatitis & vaginitis)

Question 21

cephalosporins

Answer 21

• beta lactam structure
• bactericidal
• similar to penicillin

Question 22

indications of cephalosporins

Answer 22

infections of

• respiratory
• urinary
• skin
• bone
• joint
• general infection

Question 23

side effects of cephalosporins

Answer 23

-n/v/d
-GI distress
-HA
adverse
-nephrotoxicity (in renal failure)

Question 24

drug interactions with cephalosporins

Answer 24

• alcohol may cause a really bad hangover (flushing, dizineess, HA, n/v, muscular cramps)
• decreased effect of oral contraceptives
• uricosurics will decrease excretion of cephalosporins causing accumulation & toxicity

Question 25

nursing interventions for cephalosporins

Answer 25

* ** assess for allergic reaction - C&S before therapy - assess for renal & liver function - monitor for superinfection - monitor bleeding studies, VS, UO

Question 26

client teaching for cephalosporins

Answer 26

- drink buttermilk or yogurt for long term use to prevent superinfection - complete course of meds unless there is an allergic reaction - infuse all meds 30mins + - report all side effects

Question 27

drug interactions with amoxicillin

Answer 27

- increased effects when taken with aspirin and probenecid | - decreased effects when taken with tetracycline and erythromycin