antimicrobials

Question 1

tetracyclines

Answer 1

• broad spectrum
• bacteriostatic
• gram + and -
• bacterial resistance when there is overuse

Question 2

indications for tetracyclines

Answer 2

• acne
• rosacea
• respiratory infection
• skin infections
• STIs

Question 3

PO tetracyclines

Answer 3

rapid and complete absorption in newer preparation

Question 4

IV tetracyclines

Answer 4

used to treat severe infections

Question 5

drug interactions with tetracyclines

Answer 5

• antacids, high Ca, and iron drugs can prevent absorption

- dairy product decrease effects

Question 6

drug interactions with doxycycline

Answer 6

• decreases effects or oral contraceptives
• increases absorption of Digoxin
• absorption is enhanced with food

Question 7

side effects of tetracyclines

Answer 7

• n/v/d, HA, photosensitivity
• tetratogen in 1st trimester
• tetracycline teeth in 3rd trimester
• superinfection
• hepatotoxicity
• CNS toxicity
• pseudomembranous colitis
• blood dyscrasia

Question 8

labs of tetracyclines

Answer 8

increased K, BUN/Cr, LFTs

Question 9

glycylcyclines

Answer 9

• broad spectrum
• gram + and -
• bacteriostatic

Question 10

indications of glycylcyclines

Answer 10

• complicated skin infections
• intraabdominal infections
• E. coli
• S. aureus
• Klebisella pnuemoniae

Question 11

side effects of tigecycline

Answer 11

-n/v/d, pain, photosensitivity, HTN, hypotension, anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia

Question 12

labs with tigecycline

Answer 12

increased glucose, K, BUN, LFTs

Question 13

drug interaction with tigecycline

Answer 13

• decreased effects of oral contraceptives

- increased Warfarin levels

Question 14

aminoglycosides

Answer 14

• gram -
• some gram + are resistant (so use penicillin or cephalosporins)
• no GI absorption
• only given IV and IM

Question 15

indications of aminoglycosides

Answer 15

• PID
• MRSA
• pseudomonas
• serious infections

Question 16

side effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 16

n/v, rash, photosensitivity
adverse
-ototoxicity
-nephrotoxicity
-liver damage
-thrombocytopenia
-agranulocytosis

Question 17

labs with aminoglycosides

Answer 17

• peak & trough
• increased BUN/Cr, AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin
• decreased K, Mg

Question 18

nursing interventions for aminoglycosides

Answer 18

• check for hearing loss and balance
• monitor UO; report <600mL/24hrs
• peak and trough
• monitor for superinfection
• increase fluid intake

Question 19

fluoroquinolones

Answer 19

• broad spectrum
• bacteriocidal
• gram + and -

Question 20

indications for fluoroquinolones

Answer 20

• UTI

- pneuomonia

Question 21

interactions with fluoroquinolones

Answer 21

• food slows absorption rate
• antacids and iron have decreased absorption
• increased effects of PO hypoglycemics, theophylline, caffeine
• CNS reactions can occur with NSAIDs

Question 22

labs with fluoroquinolones

Answer 22

• elevated BUN/Cr

- monitor UO

Question 23

side effects of fluoroquinolones

Answer 23

-dizziness
-photosensitivity
-n/v/d
-abd pain
adverse
-seizures
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-superinfection
-steven-johnson’s syndrome

Question 24

lipopeptides

Answer 24

bacteriocidal

Question 25

indications of lipopeptides

Answer 25

• complicated gram + skin infections
• S aureus septicemia
• MRSA infective endocarditis

Question 26

side effects of lipopeptides

Answer 26

-HTN, hypotension
-anemia
adverse
-hyper/hypo kalemia/glycemia
-bleeding rhabdomyolosis
-pleural effusion

Question 27

drug interactions with lipopeptides

Answer 27

• toxicity with tobramycin

- increased bleeding with Warfarin

Question 28

sulfonamides

Answer 28

• bacteriostatic

- gram _

Question 29

indications of sulfonamides

Answer 29

• UTI
• ear infections
• meningococcal meningitis
• newborn eye prophylaxis
• STIs
• used in those with penicillin allergy

Question 30

side effects of sulfonamides

Answer 30

-skin rash, itching, photosensitivity, cross-sensitivity, n/v/d
prolonged use
-hemolytic/aplastic anemia
-thrombocytopenia
-neutropenia
-agranulocytosis

Question 31

nursing interventions of sulfonamides

Answer 31

• increase fluid intake to prevent crystalluria
• wear sunglasses
• report bruising or bleeding
• asses renal functioning

Question 32

drug interactions with sulfonamides

Answer 32

• increase effects of hypoglycemics

- increase effects of Warfarin