antimicrobials Flashcards
tetracyclines
- broad spectrum
- bacteriostatic
- gram + and -
- bacterial resistance when there is overuse
indications for tetracyclines
- acne
- rosacea
- respiratory infection
- skin infections
- STIs
PO tetracyclines
rapid and complete absorption in newer preparation
IV tetracyclines
used to treat severe infections
drug interactions with tetracyclines
- antacids, high Ca, and iron drugs can prevent absorption
- dairy product decrease effects
drug interactions with doxycycline
- decreases effects or oral contraceptives
- increases absorption of Digoxin
- absorption is enhanced with food
side effects of tetracyclines
- n/v/d, HA, photosensitivity
- tetratogen in 1st trimester
- tetracycline teeth in 3rd trimester
- superinfection
- hepatotoxicity
- CNS toxicity
- pseudomembranous colitis
- blood dyscrasia
labs of tetracyclines
increased K, BUN/Cr, LFTs
glycylcyclines
- broad spectrum
- gram + and -
- bacteriostatic
indications of glycylcyclines
- complicated skin infections
- intraabdominal infections
- E. coli
- S. aureus
- Klebisella pnuemoniae
side effects of tigecycline
-n/v/d, pain, photosensitivity, HTN, hypotension, anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia
labs with tigecycline
increased glucose, K, BUN, LFTs
drug interaction with tigecycline
- decreased effects of oral contraceptives
- increased Warfarin levels
aminoglycosides
- gram -
- some gram + are resistant (so use penicillin or cephalosporins)
- no GI absorption
- only given IV and IM
indications of aminoglycosides
- PID
- MRSA
- pseudomonas
- serious infections
side effects of aminoglycosides
n/v, rash, photosensitivity adverse -ototoxicity -nephrotoxicity -liver damage -thrombocytopenia -agranulocytosis
labs with aminoglycosides
- peak & trough
- increased BUN/Cr, AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin
- decreased K, Mg
nursing interventions for aminoglycosides
- check for hearing loss and balance
- monitor UO; report <600mL/24hrs
- peak and trough
- monitor for superinfection
- increase fluid intake
fluoroquinolones
- broad spectrum
- bacteriocidal
- gram + and -
indications for fluoroquinolones
- UTI
- pneuomonia
interactions with fluoroquinolones
- food slows absorption rate
- antacids and iron have decreased absorption
- increased effects of PO hypoglycemics, theophylline, caffeine
- CNS reactions can occur with NSAIDs
labs with fluoroquinolones
- elevated BUN/Cr
- monitor UO
side effects of fluoroquinolones
-dizziness
-photosensitivity
-n/v/d
-abd pain
adverse
-seizures
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-superinfection
-steven-johnson’s syndrome
lipopeptides
bacteriocidal
