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PT 104 > Pelvis, thigh, and knee > Flashcards

Pelvis, thigh, and knee Flashcards

1
Q

ASIS (Anterior superior iliac spine)

A
  • Located on the anterior and superior aspect of the ilium

- Attachment point for sartorius muscle and inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Iliac Crest

A
  • Begins at ASIS and ends at PSIS

- Attachment point for quadratus lumborum and abdominal muscles

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3
Q

PSIS (Posterior superior iliac spine)

A
  • Located at posterior end of iliac crest

- Visibly identified by the two small dimples found at the base of the low back

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4
Q

Pubic Crest

A
  • Located inferior to the navel and superior to the genitals

- Attachment site for rectus abdominis and abdominal aponeurosis

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5
Q

Which bony prominence is an attachment site for the hamstrings, adductor magnus, and sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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6
Q

This bony prominence is located on the side of the hip and serves as an attachment site for the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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7
Q

Sacrum

A
  • Large triangular bone at inferior end of the vertebral column
  • Made up of 4 to 5 fused vertebrae
  • Attachment site for gluteus maximus and sacrotuberous ligament
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8
Q

Which bone attaches to the end of the sacrum?

A

Coccyx

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9
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

-Is the junction between the sacrum and ilium

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10
Q

Superior ramus of the pubis

A
  • Spans 45 degrees from the pubic tubercle toward the AIIS

- Attachment site for the pectineus muscle

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11
Q

Inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of the ischium

A
  • Located on inferior aspect of pelvis
  • Form a bridge between the pubic crest & ischial tuberosity
  • Ramus of pubis = attachment site for the gracilis and adductor brevis
  • Both rami are attachment sites for the adductor magnus muscle
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12
Q

Which area is formed by two levator ani & two coccygues muscles?

A

Pelvic floor

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13
Q

Perineum

A
  • Diamond shaped area on the inferior aspect of the pelvis

- Divides into two triangle shaped areas the urogenital triangle (anterior) and the anal triangle (posterior)

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14
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

encloses the area of the external genitals

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15
Q

Anal triangle

A

encloses the area of anus

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16
Q

Which muscles work synergistically to flex the hip?

A
  • Psoas major
  • Iliacus
  • Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus femoris
  • Gluteus medius and minimus
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17
Q

List the muscles that extend the hip?

A
  • Gluteus maximus (all fibers)
  • Biceps femoris (long head)
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gluteus medius
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18
Q

Which muscles cause internal rotation of the hip?

A
  • Gluteus medius and minimus
  • Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
  • Adductor magnus
  • Adductor longus and brevis
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
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19
Q

What muscles are antagonists on external rotation?

A
  • Gluteus medius and minimus
  • Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
  • Adductor magnus
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20
Q

External rotation of the hip is performed by which muscles?

A
  • Gluteus maximus and medius
  • Psoas major
  • Piriformis
  • Quadratus femoris
  • Obturator internus and extrenus
  • Gemellus superior and inferior
  • Iliacus
  • Sartorius
  • All of these muscles are antagonists for internal rotation
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21
Q

List the muscles that perform hip ABduction

A
  • Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus
  • TFL
  • Sartorius
  • Piriformis (only when hip is flexed)
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22
Q

Hip ADduction is performed by which muscles?

A
  • Adductor magnus, longus, brevis
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
  • Gluteus maximus (lower fibers)
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23
Q

Which muscles produce knee flexion?

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Gracilis
  • Sartorius
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Popliteus
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24
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps formis group?

What action are they responsible for?

A

-Rectus femoris
-Vastus lateralis
-Vastus medialis
-Vastus intermedius
They EXTEND the knee

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25
Q

Where do the quadriceps muscles insert?

A

Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)

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26
Q

Which quadriceps muscles originates at the AIIS?

A

Rectus femoris

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27
Q

What muscle forms a “tear drop” shape on the distal portion of the thigh?

A

Vastus medialis

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28
Q

What is the only quadriceps muscles that crosses two joints?

A

Rectus femoris

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29
Q

What muscle is located DEEP to the rectus femoris?

A

Vastus intermedius

30
Q

Which quadriceps muscle lies next to the biceps femoris and DEEP to the IT band?

A

Vastus lateralis

31
Q

Which muscle makes up the lateral hamstring

A

Biceps femoris

32
Q

Which muscles make up the hamstrings?

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
33
Q

Where do the hamstring muscles originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

The short head of the biceps femoris originates on the lateral lip of aspera

34
Q

What muscles make up the ADductor group?

A
  • Adductor magnus, longus, brevis
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
35
Q

List the gluteal muscles

A

-Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus

36
Q

Which gluteal muscle is thought of as the “deltoid muscle of the coxal joint”?

A

-Gluteus medius

37
Q

What motion do all the gluteal muscles perform?

A

ABduction of the hip

38
Q

Which gluteal muscles interally rotate the hip?

A

Gluteus medius & minimus

39
Q

Which gluteal muscles externally rotate the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus & medius

40
Q

Which gluteal muscle DOESN’T flex the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

41
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus inserts?

A

Anterior aspect of the greater trochanter

42
Q

The IT band is the insertion site for which gluteal muscle?

A

Gluteus maximus

43
Q

The gluteus medius inserts on which aspect of the greater trochanter

A

Lateral

44
Q

What muscle group is located between the hamstrings and quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

Adductor group

45
Q

The muscles of the ADductor group all perform which actions?

A

ADduction of the hip
Interal rotation of the hip
Flexion of the hip *except gracilis

46
Q

Which ADductor group muscle crosses the knee?

A

Gracilis

47
Q

What is the origination point that the ADductor brevis and gracilis share?

A

Inferior ramus of pubis

48
Q

Which ADductor muscle originates on the superior ramus of pubis?

A

Pectineus

49
Q

Where is the TFL origin and insertion site?

A 
Origin= Iliac crest & posterior ASIS
Insert= IT band
50
Q

What are the actions performed by the TFL?

A

Flexion of the hip
Internal rotation of the hip
ABduction of the hip

51
Q

Which muscle is known as the longest must of the body?

Where does it originate and insert?

A

-Sartorius
Origin= ASIS
Insert= pes anserinus tendon

52
Q

What tendons make up pes anserinus tendon? Where are they located

A
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Semitendinosus
  • Location= Medial, posterior knee
53
Q

Name the tendons that are located on the lateral posterior aspect of the knee?

A
  • Biceps femoris

- IT band

54
Q

What muscles located deep to the gluteus maximus create external rotation?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Quadratus femoris
  • Obturator internus & externus
  • Gemellus superior & inferior
55
Q

If overcontracted which muscle can compress the sciatic nerve?

A

-Piriformis

56
Q

The Iliopsoas is comprised of what two muscles? What motions do they produce?

A
  • Iliacus and psoas major
  • Hip Flexion, trunk flexion, anterior pelvic tilt
  • may externally rotate hip
57
Q

What percentage of the population have a psoas minor?

A

40%

58
Q

What structures form the femoral triangle?

A
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Sartorius
  • Adductor longus
59
Q

Which ligament stretches between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle?

A

Inguinal ligament

60
Q

What neurovascular bundle passes through the femoral triangle?

A
  • Femoral artery, vein, and nerve
  • Great saphenous vein
  • Inguinal lymph nodes
61
Q

Name the broad, solid ligament that stretches between the ischial tuberosity and the edge of the sacrum?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

62
Q

The posterior sacroiliac ligaments support what two bony structures?

A

Sacrum and ilium

63
Q

What ligaments assist in stabilizing L4 and L5?

A

Iliolumbar ligament

64
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

65
Q

The trochanteric bursa reduce friction between what structures?

A

The trochanter and gluteus maximus

66
Q

Muscles that cause Dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

67
Q

The peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and extensor digitorum cause what motion?

A

Eversion of the foot

68
Q

What muscles cause plantar flexion?

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Plantaris
69
Q

Muscles that cause inversion of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior & posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis longus

70
Q

What muscles flex the 2nd -5th toes?

A

Flexor digitorum longus and brevis

71
Q

What muscles extend the 2nd-5th toes

A

Extensor digitorum longus and brevis

PT 104 (4 decks)

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