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PT 104 > Knee & Foot > Flashcards

Knee & Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What fossa is located posterior to the knee & houses an important artery for the leg. (1 of the endangerment sites)

A

popiteal fossa

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2
Q

This muscle is located on the anterior lateral portion of the shin. Superficial to the fibula.

A

Tibialis anterior

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3
Q

This tendon is also known as the achillies tendon

A

calcaneal tendon

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4
Q

This muscle is located on the posterior portion of the calf, very superficial and easy to located, has two heads

A

Gastrocnemius

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5
Q

What is the correct name for the “heel bone”?

A

calaneus

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6
Q

What is the lateral portion of the distal fibula called that is easy to palpate?

A

lateral malleolus

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7
Q

What is the medial portion of the distal tibia called that is easy to palpate?

A

medial malleolus

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8
Q

What joint in the LE is considered the largest synovial joint in the body?

A

tibiofemoral joint (knee)

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9
Q

What two bones compose the knee joint?

A

distal femur, proximal tibia

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10
Q

In what position must the knee be in to be able to medially and laterally rotate?

A

the knee must be flexed

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11
Q

The knee is a synovial joint as well as a ________ joint?

A

hinge

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12
Q

What is the name of the joint between the fibula and tibia at the most proximal portion of those bones?

A

proximal tibiofibular joint

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13
Q

What is the name of the joint between the fibula and tibia at the most distal portion of those bones?

A

distal tibiofibular joint

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14
Q

Which bone is known as the “shin bone”?

A

tibia

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15
Q

Which bone runs superficially from the knee to the ankle just as the ulna runs superficially from the elbow to the wrist?

A

tibia

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16
Q

Which bone is similar to the radius’ relationship to the ulna, it is lateral to the tibia & virtually deep to the surrounding muscles?

A

Fibula

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17
Q

This bone only bears about 10% of our body weight and is the thinnest bone in the body in proportion to its length.

A

fibula

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18
Q

The thickest layering of cartilage in the body is found on which surface of the patella? This helps protect the patella from the huge amount of pressure applied by the quads when the knee is flexed.

A

posterior surface of the patella.

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19
Q

This bone is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and is the attachment site fro the quadriceps femoris tendon & patella ligament

A

Patella

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20
Q

When the knee is flexed, the patella seems to disappear, sinking into the space btw the _______ ________ and femoral condyles

A

proximal tibia

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21
Q

This tuberosity is a superficial knob located distal to the patella on the shaft of the tibia. Attachment site for the patellar ligament.

A

Tibial tuberosity

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22
Q

The head of the fibula is located on which side of the leg?

A

lateral

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23
Q

Name the attachment site of the biceps femoris muscle and a portion of the soles muscle & fibular collateral ligament.

A

Head of the fibula

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24
Q

Name the plateaus that are located on the proximal end of the tibia

A

medial & lateral plateaus

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25
Q

What attachment site for the iliotibial tract is located distal to the lateral plateau of the tibia?

A

tibial tubercle

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26
Q

Describe where the pes anserinus tendon is attaches

A

proximal, medial shaft of the tibia

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27
Q

What 3 muscles converge at the medial knee to for the pes anserinus tendon?

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

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28
Q

What condyles play an important role for the patella when the knee is flexed & extended? They prevent the patella from dislocating.

A

Femoral condyles

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29
Q

The lateral epicondyle of the femur, serves as the attachment site for which ligament?

A

fibular collateral ligament

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30
Q

The medial epicondyle of the femur, serves as the attachment site for which ligament?

A

tibial collateral ligament

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31
Q

Name the tubercle that is located proximal to the medial epicondyle, btw the belly of the vastus medialis & the hamstring tendons

A

Adductor Tubercle

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32
Q

The adductor tubercle is the attachment site for which tendon?

A

Adductor Magnus Tendon

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33
Q

How many bones does the foot contain?

A

26

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34
Q

Which bones articulate to make the talocrural aka ankle joint?

A

talus articulates with the tibia & fibula

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35
Q

The mid foot is composed of how many & which bones? These bones are like the carpal bones of the wrist

A

5 tarsals

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36
Q

All other toes have 3 phalanges except this toe, which has 2, name that toe

A

First toe (hallucis, in latin hallux), has 2 sizable phalanges

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37
Q

Name the joint btw the metatarsals–cuboid & cuneiforms

A

Tarsometatarsal joints

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38
Q

Name the joint btw the calcaneus and cuboid bones

A

Transverse tarsal joint

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39
Q

Name the joint btw the metatarsals & phalanges

A

Metatarsophalangeal joints

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40
Q

Name the joint within the phalanges of 2nd-5th toes, there are 2 articulations, name the 2 joints

A

Interphalangeal joints 1) proximal interphalangeal or “pip” joint 2) distal interphalangeal or “dip” joint

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41
Q

Calcaneus articulates with the talus to form which joint?

A

subtalar joint

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42
Q

The malleolar grooves are designed to help the tendons in the ankle by offering…?

A

Offer stability & leverage to tendons that bend around the ankle

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43
Q

Name the tuberosity that the calcaneal tendon attaches on it’s superior aspect?

A

tuberosity of the calcaneus… (calcaneal tuberosity)

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44
Q

What bony landmark is described as a “plank” located on the medial side of the calcaneus and supports the talus on the calcaneus?

A

sustentaculum tali

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45
Q

This bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the foot, about 1 inch distal to the lateral malleolus that protrudes from the calcaneal surface to help stabilize the perineal muscles?

A

peroneal trochelea

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46
Q

Which portion of the talus articulates with the navicular bone?

A

head of the talus

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47
Q

This bony prominence of the talus is located on it’s superior portion and is wedged btw the distal ends of the fibula & tibia

A

Trochlea

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48
Q

This bony prominence of the talus is posterior to the medial malleolus and serves as an attachment site for which ankle ligament?

A

medial tubercle, deltoid ligament

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49
Q

Opposite of the medial tubercle sits which other tubercle ? which is not considered an accessible landmark

A

Lateral tubercle

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50
Q

The correct name for the big toe is?

A

hallucis

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51
Q

The interphalangeal joint is what type of joint?

A

hinge joint (allows only flexion & extension)

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52
Q

The 1st metatarsophalangeal joint is located at the ball of the foot and is what type of joint?

A

ellipsoid joint with a large bulbous shape (allows flexion, extension, abduction/adduction) Similar to radio carpal joint in wrist

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53
Q

The first metatarsal is short & stocky and articulates with which bone?

A

medial cuneiform

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54
Q

The tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal is superficial knob that extends laterally off the base of the metatarsal & is the attachment site for which muscle ….?

A

peroneus brevis

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55
Q

This bone is sandwiched btw the medial & middle cuneiforms & the talus

A

navicular

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56
Q

The navicular bone has a superficial tuberosity that bulges out on the medial side of the foot, what muscle attaches there?

A

tibialis posterior

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57
Q

The cuboid’s dorsal surface is partially covered by the belly of this muscle

A

extensor digitorum brevis

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58
Q

This bone is located on the lateral foot anterior to the calcaneus and surrounded on 3 of its 4 sides by the 4th & 5th metatarsals

A

cuboid

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59
Q

These muscles are considered the “calf muscles”

A

gastrocnemius & soleus

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60
Q

These 2 muscles are slender muscles located along the lateral side of the leg

A

peroneus longus & brevis

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61
Q

These muscles are layered together on the anterior leg & dorsum of the foot. They are extensors of the ankle & toes.

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus & extensor hallucis longus

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62
Q

These muscles are deep to the gastrocnemius & soles on the posterior leg and are small flexors of the ankle & toes

A

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallcuis longus

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63
Q

Name the muscles that create plantar flexion at the talocrural joint

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus (assists), peroneus brevis (assists), flexor digitorum longus (weak), flexor hallucis longus (weak), plantaris (weak)

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64
Q

Name the muscles that create dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

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65
Q

Name the muscles responsible for inversion of the ankle

A

Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus

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66
Q

Name the muscles responsible for eversion of the ankle

A

Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis, extensor digitorum longus

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67
Q

Name the muscles responsible for flexion of the 2nd through 5th toes

A

flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, lumbricals, quadratus plantae, dorsal interossei (2nd-4th), planter interossei (3rd-5th), abductor digiti minimi (5th), flexor digiti minimi brevis (5th)

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68
Q

Name the muscles responsible for Extension of 2nd-5th toes

A

Extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis (2nd-4th), lumbricals*

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69
Q

The gastrocnemius & the soleus form the “_____ _____” that attaches to the strong calcaneal tendon

A

triceps surae

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70
Q

Which joints do the gastrocneimus cross?

A

knee & ankle

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71
Q

Name the actions of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint), plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

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72
Q

Name the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

condyles of the remus, posterior surfaces

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73
Q

Name the insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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74
Q

Name the nerve innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

Tibial s1, s2

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75
Q

Which muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

soleus

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76
Q

Why is the soleus sometimes considered the “second heart” ?

A

Plays an important role as b/c its strong contractions play in returning blood from the leg to the heart

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77
Q

Name the origin of the soleus muscle

A

plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

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78
Q

Name the origin of the soleus muscle

A

soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia & posterior aspect of head of fibula

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79
Q

Name the insertion of the soleus muscle

A

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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80
Q

Name the nerve innervation of the soleus muscle

A

Tibial L5, s1, s2

81
Q

Name the muscle that originates at the lateral supracondylar line of the femur, lies at an oblique angle along the popliteal space btw the gastroc heads and inserts into the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

A

Plantaris

82
Q

What is the action of the plantaris?

A

weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint), weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

83
Q

Name the nerve innervation of the plantaris muscle

A

Tibial L4, L5, S1, (s2)

84
Q

The plantaris is bears a resemblance to a muscle in the forearm b/c they both have short bellies followed by long tendons, limited capabilities and are absent in nearly 10% of the population

A

Palmaris Longus

85
Q

This muscle is the deepest muscle in the posterior knee, vital in “unlocking” the joint from extended position, nickname “the key which unlocks the knee”

A

Popliteus

86
Q

What is the action of the popliteus muscle?

A

medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint), flex the knee (T/F joint)

87
Q

The popliteus originates at the lateral condyle of the femur, where does it insert?

A

proximal, posterior aspect of the tibia

88
Q

Name the nerve innervation of the popliteus muscle

A

Tibial L4, L5, S1

89
Q

Which 2 muscles work in synergy with the popliteus?

A

semimembranous, semitendonsis

90
Q

These muscles are located on the lateral side of the fibula and lie btw the extensor digitorum longus & soleus.

A

Peroneus Longus & Brevis

91
Q

What two motions do both the peroneus longus & brevis perform?

A

evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

92
Q

Which nerve innervation do both peroneus longus & brevis have?

A

superficial peroneal L4, L5, S1

93
Q

Where does the peroneus longus originate?

A

head of fibula & proximal 2/3s of lateral fibula

94
Q

Where does the peroneus brevis originate?

A

distal 2/3s of lateral fibula

95
Q

Where does the peroneus longus insert?

A

base of the 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform

96
Q

Where does the peroneus brevis insert?

A

tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

97
Q

Which peroneal muscle inserts on the planter surface of the foot?

A

peroneus longus

98
Q

Which muscles are responsible for extension of the ankle & toes & are located on the anterior aspect of the leg btw the shaft of the tibia & the peroneal muscles?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

99
Q

What motion does the tibialis anterior perform?

A

invert the foot, dorsiflex the ankle (talocrucal joint)

100
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior originate?

A

lateral condyle of the tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia & interosseous membrane

101
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior insert?

A

medial cuneiform & base of the 1st metatarsal

102
Q

Which nerve innervates the tibialis anterior?

A

deep perineal L4, L5, S1

103
Q

The extensor hallucis longus aids in what 3 actions?

A

extend the 1st toe (metarsophalangeal & interphalangeal joints), dorsiflex the ankle (talocrucal joint ) , invert the foot

104
Q

The extensor hallucis longus orginates in what location?

A

middle, anterior surface of the fibula & interossesous membrane

105
Q

Where does the extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

distal phalanx of the 1st toe

106
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor hallucis longus?

A

deep perineal L4, L5, S1

107
Q

What actions does the extensor digitorum longus assist with?

A

extend the 2nd-5th toes (metatarsophalangeal & interphalangeal joints), dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint), evert the foot

108
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum longus originate from?

A

lateral condyle of the tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of the fibula & interosseous membrane

109
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

middle & distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes

110
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum longus?

A

peroneal L4, L5, S1

111
Q

What 3 muscles are located deep to the gastrocneimus & soleus & are responsible for inverting the foot & flexing the toes?

A

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

112
Q

The 3 muscles curve around the medial malleolus & pass deep to the flexor __________?

A

flexor retinaculum

113
Q

Which artery & nerve are situated btw the tendons at the medial ankle?

A

tibial artery & tibial nerve

114
Q

Name the actions of the tibialis posterior

A

invert the foot, planter flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

115
Q

Where does the tibialis posterior originate?

A

proximal, posterior shafts of the tibia & fibula & interosseous membrane

116
Q

Where does the tibialis posterior insert?

A

All 5 tarsal bones & bases of 2-4 metatarsals

117
Q

What nerve innervates the tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial L(4), L(5), s(1)

118
Q

Name the muscle that’s actions include; flexing the 2-5th toes (metatarsophalangeal & interphalangeal joints), is a weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocural joint), inverts the food

A

flexor digitorum longus

119
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum longus originate?

A

Middle, posterior surface of the tibia

120
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum longus insert?

A

distal phalanges of 2-5th toes

121
Q

Name the nerve innervation for the flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial L5, S1, S2

122
Q

Name the muscle that flexes only the 1st toe, is a weak plantar flexor of the ankle (talocural joint) and aids in inverting the foot

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus

123
Q

Where does the flexor hallucis longus originate?

A

Middle half of the posterior fibula

124
Q

Where does the hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of the 1st toe

125
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial L5, S1, S2

126
Q

What does Tom, Dick An’ Harry stand for in relation to muscles, arteries, nerves on the medial side of the ankle? Read from the medial malleolus to the calaneus

A

T-tibialis posterior (most anterior), Dick- Flexor digitorum longus, A- tibial artery, N’- tibial nerve, Harry- Flexor hallucis longus

127
Q

Name the 3 arches that are ideally shaped to distribute & absorb the weight of the body.

A

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal & transverse .

128
Q

Describe the 3 arches

A

lateral longitudinal- calcaneal to 5th metatarsal, transverse- 5th metatarsal to 1st metatarsal, medial longitudinal is 1st metatarsal to calcaneal.

129
Q

The dorsal surface of the foot is home to which extensor of the 2nd-4th toes?

A

extensor digitorum brevis

130
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum brevis originate and insert?

A

O- dorsal surface of the calcaneus I- 2nd-4th toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons

131
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Deep perineal L4, L5, S1

132
Q

Name the 3 muscles that lie side by side deep to the plantar aponeurosis on the dorsal surface of the foot

A

flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi

133
Q

What action does the flexor digitorum brevis perform?

A

flex middle phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes (PIP joint)

134
Q

What action does the abductor hallucis perform?

A

abduct the 1st toe (metatarsophalangeal joint), assists to flex the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

135
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

medial process of the calcaneus & plantar aponeurosis

136
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum brevis insert?

A

Middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th toes

137
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Tibial L4, L5, S1

138
Q

Where does the abductor hallucis originate?

A

medial process of the calcaneus & plantar aponeurosis

139
Q

Where does the abductor hallucis insert?

A

proximal phalanx of the 1st toe (medial surface) & medial sesamoid bone

140
Q

What nerve innervates the abductor hallucis brevis?

A

tibial L4, L5, S1

141
Q

Which muscle flexes the 5th toe & assist to abduct the 5th toe? (metatarsophalangeal joint)

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

142
Q

Where does the abductor digit minimi originate and insert?

A

O- lateral process of the calcaneus & plantar aponeurosis I- proximal phalanx of 5th toe(lateral surface)

143
Q

What action does the extensor hallucis brevis perform?(located on the dorsal side of the foot!)

A

extends the 1st toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

144
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

O- dorsal surface of the calcaneus I-proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

145
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

deep peeroneal L4, L5, S1

146
Q

What action does the Flexor hallucis brevis perform?(located on the plantar side of the foot!)

A

flex the 1st toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

147
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

O-plantar surface of the cuboid & lateral cuneiform I-medial & lateral surfaces of base of proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

148
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Tibial L4, L5, S1

149
Q

What nerve innervates the Adductor hallucis ?

A

Tibial S1, S2

150
Q

What action does the Adductor hallucis perform?(located on the plantar side of the foot!)

A

adduct the 1st toe, assist to maintain transverse arch of the foot, assist to flex the 1st toe

151
Q

Origin of the Adductor Hallucis? Both heads

A

Oblique head- bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals Transverse head- plantar ligament of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints

152
Q

Insertion of the adductor hallucis?

A

lateral surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

153
Q

What action does the Flexor digit minimi brevis perform?(located on the plantar side of the foot!)

A

flex the 5th toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

154
Q

Where is the origin & insertion for the flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

O- base of the 5th metatarsal I- base of proximal phalanx 5th toe

155
Q

Nerve innervation for the flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

Tibial S1, S2

156
Q

What action does the quadratus plantae perform?

A

Assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2nd-5th toes

157
Q

Where does the quadrates plantae originate and insert?

A

O-medial & lateral sides of the plantar surface of calcaneus I-posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon

158
Q

Which nerve innervates the quadrates plantae?

A

Tibial S1, S2

159
Q

What action does the plantar interossei perform?

A

adduct 3rd-5th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint), flex 3rd-5th toes metatarsophalangeal joint)

160
Q

Where is the origin & insertion for the plantar interossei?

A

o-medial surfaces of 3rd-th metatarsals, I-medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th toes

161
Q

Which nerve innervates the plantar interossei?

A

Tibial S1, S2

162
Q

Where is the origin & insertion for the dorsal interossei?

A

O-adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals (in btw them) Insertion= 1st- medial surface of the proximal phalanx of 2nd toe, 2nd-4th- lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th toes

163
Q

Which nerve innervates the dorsal interossei?

A

Tibial s1, s2

164
Q

What action do the lumbricals of the foot perform?

A

flex the proximal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes at the metatarsophalangeal joints, extend the middle & distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes at the interphalangeal joints

165
Q

Where do the lumbricals of the foot originate?

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

166
Q

Where do the lumbricals of the foot insert?

A

Bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes & extensor digitorum longus tendons (on dorsal surface of the toes)

167
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the lumbricals of the foot?

A

first=Tibial L4, L5, S1 2nd-5th= Tibial L(4), L(5), S1, S2

168
Q

Name 3 ligaments within the tibiofemoral joint that are visible in the anterior view of this structure

A

posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, fibular collateral ligament, tibial collateral ligament, transverse ligament of knee

169
Q

Name 3 ligaments within the tibiofemoral joint that are visible in the posterior view of this structure

A

Posterior meniscofermoral ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, fibular collateral ligament, posterior ligament of head of fibula, tibial collateral ligament

170
Q

Where is the interosseous membrane located?

A

Between the tibia & fibula. Origin of the tibialis anterior , extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

171
Q

Name the ligament that is a strong, thin strap that crosses the knee joint running from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Located btw the biceps femurs tendon & ITB. Protects against genu varum stresses

A

Fibular collateral ligament

172
Q

This ligament is deep to the pes anserinus tendon. It protects against genu valgum stresses.

A

Tibial collateral ligament

173
Q

What are the menisci of the knee? And why are they so important to the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Fibrocartilaginous discs attached to the tibial condyles. Important for weight distribution & friction reduction, helps the round femoral condyles sit comfortably upon the flat tibial plateaus.

174
Q

Name the menisci of the knee? How many are there?

A

2 , medial & lateral

175
Q

Excessive kneeling & squatting can inflame this vulnerable bursa this condition can be called “housemaids knee or carpenter’s knee”

A

prepatellar bursa

176
Q

This superficial bursa can become irritated with prolonged kneeling, sometimes called “parson’s knee”

A

deep infrapatellar bursa (reduces friction btw the patellar tendon & surface of the tibia)

177
Q

This bursa serves as a buffer between the pes anserinus tendons and can be palpable when inflamed.

A

pes anserine bursa

178
Q

This nerve branches off the sciatic nerve, & runs superficially along the posterior/lateral side of the knee. It lies medial to the biceps femurs tendon & lateral to the gastrocnemius belly

A

peroneal nerve

179
Q

Lateral collateral ligaments include which ligaments?

A

posterior talofibular ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament

180
Q

The deltoid ligament is composed of which ligaments?

A

tibiocalcaneal ligament, anterior tibiotalar ligament, tibionavicular ligament

181
Q

The deltoid ligament help protect against what stress of the talocrural joint?

A

medial stress

182
Q

Where does the deltoid ligament originate and attach?

A

Originate medial malleolus fan distally to attach at the talus, sustentaculum tali & navicular

183
Q

This ligament is a small, tough band of tissue that plays an important role in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Stretches from the sustentaculum talk to the navicular tubercle & might be positioned deep to the tibialis posterior tendon.

A

Plantar Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

184
Q

These ligaments are designed to stabilize the distal end of the fibula to the calcaneus & talus, most often torn ligaments during ankle sprains

A

Lateral collateral ligaments

185
Q

Why does the lateral collateral ligaments often tear during ankle sprains were the foot is inverted & planter flexed?

A

These ligaments are not as strong as the deltoid ligaments which are on the ankle’s medial side

186
Q

This ligament spans from the anterior surface of the lateral malleolus to the lateral side of the talus’s neck and when weight bearing & excessively inverted this ligament is often the 1st to be torn.

A

Anterior Talofibular ligament

187
Q

This ligament is only damaged in the most severe of ankle injuries such as dislocations. Attaches posterior side of the lateral malleolus and the talus’ lateral tubercle

A

Posterior talofibular ligament

188
Q

Between the anterior and posterior talofibular ligament lies this ligament which spans from the lateral malleolus down to the lateral surface of the calcaneus, deep to the perineal tendons. Usually when the anterior talofibular has been ripped this ligament will be torn as well.

A

Calcaneo-fibular ligament

189
Q

Name the retinaculum that is broad, support the extensor muscles and crosses the front of the ankle just proximal to the malleoli

A

Superior extensor retinaculum

190
Q

Name the retinaculum that is y-shaped, support the extensor muscles and beings distal to the lateral malleolus on the calcaneus, divides ; one fork attaches to the medial malleolus & the other attaches to the navicular

A

Inferior Extensor retinaculum

191
Q

The peroneal muscles are stabilized by these retinaculum

A

superior peroneal retinaculum and the inferior perineal retinaculum

192
Q

This retinaculum is a broad strap that extends from the medial calcaneus to the medial malleolus and is designed to hold in place the tendons of the flexor muscles & the tibial artery & nerve

A

Flexor retinaculum

193
Q

This is a thick, superficial band of facia stretching from the heel to the ball of the foot. Originating from the tuberosity of the calcaneus to the metatarsal heads this facia is important in supporting the longitudinal arch of the foot

A

Plantar aponeurosis

194
Q

Where is the posterior tibial artery located?

A

inferior & posterior to the medial malleolus (part of the Tom, Dick An’ Harry)

195
Q

Where can you find the pulse of the dorsal is pedis artery?

A

btw the 1st & 2nd metatarsal bones, dorsal side of foot

196
Q

What bones are located on the 1st metatarsal and are imbedded in the tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

sesamoid bones

197
Q

This bursa is located btw the attachment of the calcaneal tendon and the overlying skin

A

calcaneal bursa

198
Q

This bursa is positioned on the opposite side of the calcaneal tendon and serves as cushion btw the calcaneal tendon & the calcaneal bone

A

retrocalcaneal bursa

PT 104 (4 decks)

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