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PT 104 > Final exam review > Flashcards

Final exam review Flashcards

1
Q

Which bony landmarks on the pelvis correspond to L4 vertebrae?

A

Top of iliac crest

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2
Q

Which cervical vertebra does not have a spinous process?

A

C1

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3
Q

Which muscle is lateral to the abdominal aorta?

A

Psoas major

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4
Q

Which two anatomical structures can be used to located the sub occipital muscles?

A

occipital protuberence and mastoid process

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5
Q

List 5 muscles that impact respiration?

A

Diaphragm, anterior scalenes, posterior scalenes, serratus anterior, illiocostalis, SCM

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6
Q

What is the anatomical landmark is located between the spinous process and the transverse process?

A

Lamina

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7
Q

Name the connective tissue that is superficial to the cervical spinous process?

A

Ligamentum nuchae

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8
Q

List three muscles that are located in the deepest layer of the spine?

A

rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis capitis

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9
Q

List the 5 distal tendons located in the posterior surface of the knee joint/ popliteal fossa region?

A

IT band, biceps femoris, sartorial, gracilis, semitendinosus

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10
Q

List two ligaments located on the sacrum?

A

sacrotuberous ligament and iliosacral ligament

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11
Q

List the muscles that are attached to the pea anserine of the knee?

A

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus

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12
Q

List 4 joints that are located in the upper extremity?

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Humeroradial joint

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13
Q

Name the muscle that produces 3 different motions in the lower extremity?

A

Sartorius- hip flex, Hip ER, hip ABduction, knee flex

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14
Q

What muscle attaches to the AIIS?

A

Rectus femoris

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15
Q

Name two muscles that produce hip extension and knee flexion?

A

Biceps femoris and semitendinosus

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16
Q

What makes up the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius, adductor LONGUS, inguinal ligament

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17
Q

List 4 muscles that surround the popliteal fossa endangerment site?

A

Gastrocnemius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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18
Q

The ischial tuberosity serves as an attachment point for which series of muscles and noncontracile structure?

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus,

Sacrotuberous ligament

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19
Q

The lateral edge of the sacrum is the attachment site for which muscle?

A

Gluteus maximus

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20
Q

The gluteal tuberosity is located ____________ in relation to the greater trochanter?

A

distal/ posterior

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21
Q

Which muscle tendon of a specific muscle surrounds the gluteal tuberosity?

A

Gluteus maximus tendon

Vastus lateralis

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22
Q

The gluteal tuberosity serves as an attachment site for which specific section of gluteal muscle group?

A

Lower fibers of gluteus maximus

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23
Q

The sacroiliac joint is located ______ to the PSIS

A

inferior

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24
Q

Which gluteal muscle group produces hip IR and hip flexion?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

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25
Q

List 5 muscles that will produce internal rotation of the knee?

A 
Sartorius
gracilis 
semimembranosus 
semitendinosus
popliteus
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26
Q

The vastus medialis is surrounded by which two muscles?

A

sartorius, rectus femoris

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27
Q

Which specific hamstring attaches to the head of fibula?

A

biceps femoris

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28
Q

Which specific hamstring attaches to the medial shaft of the tibia at the pes anserine?

A

Semitendinosus

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29
Q

Which gluteal muscle blends into the iliotibial band?

A

gluteus maximus

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30
Q

Which hamstring attaches to the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia?

A

semimembranosus

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31
Q

The lateral lip of the linea aspera serves as an attachment to which hamstring muscle?

A

Short head of the biceps femoris

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32
Q

List two muscles that have attachment sites on the calcaneus?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

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33
Q

Which non contractile structure holds the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the extensor digitorum longs to the lower leg/tibia?

A

Flexor and extensor retinaculum

34
Q

List the muscles that produce shoulder extension

A 
Deltoid (posterior fibers)
Latissiumus dorsi
Teres major
Pectoralis major (lower fibers)
Triceps brachii (long head)
35
Q

What stroke should be avoided in a 65 y/o patient with chronic osteoarthritis?

A

Stripping, effleurage, knuckling, or petrissage

36
Q

What is the attachment site of the rhomboids?

A

Major- medial border of the scapula b/t the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle
Minor- upper portion of the medial border of the scapula across from the spine of the scapula

37
Q

Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

38
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle does not attach to the greater tubercle?

A

Subscapularis

Lesser tubercle

39
Q

What carpal bone is distal to the styloid process of the radius?

A

Scaphoid

40
Q

What muscle is responsible for scapular protraction?

A

Serratus Anterior

Pectoralis minor

41
Q

What section of traps produces shoulder depression and upward rotation of scap?

A

Lower fibers of the trapezius

42
Q

What motions do the lat dorsi, pec major, and teres major have in common?

A

Adduct the shoulder
Internal rotation
Extend shoulder (lower fibers of pecs)

43
Q

Which muscles produce shoulder flexion?

A

Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Pec major (upper fibers)
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

44
Q

What muscle assists the triceps for elbow extension?

A

Anconeus

45
Q

Turning your head to look over your shoulder is which motion?

A

Cervical rotation

46
Q

Which muscle originates on the scapula and inserts into the olecranon process?

A

Long head of the triceps

47
Q

What muscle originates at the lateral clavicle, top of the acromion, and inserts into mid humerus?

A

Deltoid

48
Q

What is attached to the coracoid process?

A

Coracobrachialis

49
Q

Which muscle separate the flexors and extensors of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

50
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Attaches muscle to bone

51
Q

Which muscles cause ulnar deviation?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

52
Q

Which muscles cause radial deviation?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Flexor carpi radialis
Abductor pollicis longus

53
Q

Which bony landmark of humerus attaches to the olecranon process?

A

Olecrannon fossa

54
Q

What is the function of a bursa sac?

A

To provide a cushion b/t bones and tendons and reduce friction

55
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

connect bones together at a joint

56
Q

What massage stroke is uses lifting, squeezing, and releasing?

A

petrissage

57
Q

Prone, shoulder 90 degree abduction, 90 degree elbow flexion, btwn T2/5, whats being palpated?

A

Rhomboid major- O- T2-T5

Rhomboid minor -O- C7-T1

58
Q

How would you palpate latissimus dorsi/ activate it

A

Partner supine, cradle arm in flexed position.
Grasp tissue of Lat
Ask partner to press elbow toward hip

59
Q

When palpated what do ligaments feel like?

A

Dense, taut feel

60
Q

What are antagonists to the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

same muscles that do radial deviation

61
Q

Cyriax friction is used for what?

A

To facilitate healthy scar formation at injury site. Using cross fiber friction you can break up adhesions in muscles, tendons, and ligaments

62
Q

What is the purpose of friction massage?

A

to address one small area at a time. It is performed by rubbing one surface over another repeatedly

63
Q

What is the purpose of petrissage?

A

It serves to milk a muscle of accumulated waste products, increase local circulation, and assists in venous return (effleurage enhances venous return more)

64
Q

What is the purpose of vibration?

A

Over the abdomen it can stimulate the organs of digestion and elimination.
On other tissues it has a stimulating, relaxing effect to soft tissues

65
Q

What structure separates the anterior deltoid and pec major?

A

Deltopectineal junction

66
Q

What stroke is “ stimulation stroke, awakens the area/ stimulating effect/ increase alertness, used after relaxing massage”?

A

Tapotement

67
Q

Name the types of effleurage strokes?

A 
Basic sliding
Stripping
Shingles
Bilateral tree stroke
Three stroke trapezius 
Horizontal stroking (wringing technique)
68
Q

What stroke is “ consists of series of rhythmic movements following each other in rapid fashion”?

A

Tapotement

69
Q

Which stroke enhances venous return in the limbs when performed with moderate to deep pressure moving distal to proximal?

A

Effleurage

70
Q

Name 5 contraindications for massage?

A

Severe distres (feeling sick,fever)
Acute inflammation or Edema
Loss of structural integrity (surgeries, fractures, recent burns)
Skin conditions (rashes, boils, ringworm)
Decreased sensation
Sensitivity to touch
Cardiovascular disorders (High or Low BP, arrythmias)
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Bleeding or bruising

71
Q

What should you avoid with patients that have osteoporosis?

A

Avoid deep pressure and vigorous joint movements

72
Q

What are the general instructions for myofascial release?

A
  1. Hold a stretch for 2-5 min
  2. Maintain a continuous stretch
  3. Use light pressure
  4. Flow w/ the tissues
73
Q

Name the basic myofascial release techniques?

A

Skin lifting
Fascial mobilization using the fingertips
Fascial mobilization using the forearm
Broad plane fascial shift w/ palms of the hands
Pin and stretch using cross-handed technique
Spreading w/ the heels of the hands (pg273-275 in my book)

74
Q

What do myofascial release techniques address? What is there intent?

A

Address subcutaneous and deep muscular fascia

It is intended to make fascial tissues more pliable and reduce adhesions

75
Q

Generally speaking, how are successful myofascial techniques performed?

A

Slow, sustained stretching of facial membranes in the direction that releases their adherence to each other

76
Q

What motion is produced by latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, and anterior deltoid?

A

Internal rotation

77
Q

Who coined the term myofascial release in the 1960s?

A

an osteopath, Robert Ward

78
Q

Who was the first PT to use myofascial release? What was his reasoning for using this technique?

A 
John Barnes (1980s)
His reasoning was to relieve pain, resolve structural dysfunction, restore function and mobility, and release emotional trauma
79
Q

Describe fascia?

A

Loose, irregular connective tissue found throughout the body. Fascia surrounds every muscle, nerve, blood vessel and organ.
It holds structures together giving them their shape, offers support, and connects the body as a whole

80
Q

What are contraindications for myofascial release?

A

Bruise, local infection, a wound, a burn, a fracture, edema (basically all the same contraindications)
Also avoid if patient is taking meds that decrease sensitivity to pain

81
Q

What strokes should be avoided when the patient has a thigh contusion and hematoma?

A

Any friction, petrissage, or deep effleurage

Light tough only

PT 104 (4 decks)

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