Pelvis, Reproductive and Urinary

Question 1

Functions of Kidneys?

Answer 1

Regulate electrolytes.
Maintain Ph.
Regulate blood pressure by salt: water.
Excrete wastes, e.g. urea, ammonium
Reabsorb water, glucose, amino-acid.
Adrenal glands produce hormones to regulate water and metabolism.

Question 2

Functions of Ureters?

Answer 2

Hollow muscular tube that transports urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. 25cm x 3mm
When the bladder fills, backflow is discouraged.

Question 3

Function of Urinary Bladder?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic nerves (S2-4) contract bladder when full. Sympathetic nerves (T10-12) keeps the sphincters closed (not voluntary).
Autonomic control of internal sphincter.

Question 4

Function of Urethra?

Answer 4

Terminal portion of the urinary system for passage of urine.
In males: also passage for semen.
Female urethra 4cm, anterior to vagina.

Question 5

What muscles are attached to the pelvic floor?

Answer 5

Levator Ani and Coccygeus

Question 6

Functions of Pelvic Floor?

Answer 6

1. Support and maintain position of pelvic organs.
2. Resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure.
3. Anorectal sphincter.

Question 7

What structures pass through the pelvic floor?

Answer 7

Openings for anus and urethra (males)

Openings for anus, urethra and vagina (females)

Question 8

Function of Testes?

Answer 8

Produce - sperm and the male hormone (testosterone).

Epididymis continues as the vas/ductus deferens.

Question 9

Function of ductus/vas deferens?

Answer 9

Transport, store, mature sperm

Question 10

Function of Prostate and seminal glands?

Answer 10

Secrete most of liquid in semen.

Question 11

Function of scrotum?

Answer 11

Supports testes.
Dartos and cremaster muscles in scrotal wall
Contraction these help regulate the temperature of testes.

Question 12

Function of Penis?

Answer 12

Glans (head of penis) covered with pink, moist mucosa. Mobile skin over the glans is the foreskin.
Corpus spongiosum: column of spongy tissue along the front of the penis, to glans penis. Fills with blood during erection, keeps urethra open.
Urethra runs through corpus spongiosum, carries ejaculatory fluid.

Question 13

Function of Uterus?

Answer 13

Thick wall muscular organ between urinary bladder and the rectum. Ligaments hold it in place
Adult uterus = 7.5cm, 5cm in width.

Question 14

Function of Ovaries?

Answer 14

1-degree reproductive organs, size of an almond form ova (gonads) and hormones (glands).
Supported by ligament and inner lining tissues.

Question 15

Function of Fallopian Tubes?

Answer 15

Narrow tunnels for ova (egg cells) to pass from ovaries to uterus. Conception normally occurs here.

Question 16

Function of Vagina?

Answer 16

Fibromuscular tube from uterus to outside.
Allows sperm but protects against other items entering.
Not the passage for urine
Supported by the pelvic floor.

Question 17

Function of Labia Majora?

Answer 17

Enclose and protect, sweat and sebaceous glands, which produce lubricating secretions.

Question 18

Where is Perineum?

Answer 18

Inferior to pelvic diaphragm, between thighs.
Diamond shaped
Pubic symphysis anteriorly, coccyx posteriorly, ischial tuberosities laterally.

Question 19

Function of Pubic Symphysis?

Answer 19

The functions of the joint are to absorb shock during walking and allow delivery of a baby.

Question 20

Function of acetabulum?

Answer 20

the round head of the femur rests in a cavity (the acetabulum) that allows free rotation of the limb.