Hip, Thigh, and Knee

Question 1

What muscles extend the hip?

Answer 1

Gluteus Maximus: Extends hip, N: Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)

Semitendinosus (superficial) and Semimembranosus (Deep): extend hip, flex knee, N: Sciatic (tibial portion)

Biceps Femoris: extend hip, flex knee, N: long head tibial nerve(sciatic), short head - common fibular nerve (sciatic)

Question 2

What muscles flex the hip?

Answer 2

Iliacos: Flex hip, N: Femoral (L2–L3)

Psoas major: Flex hip, N: lumbar plexus (L2 – L3)

Question 3

What muscles adduct the hip?

Answer 3

Pectineus
Adductor brevis
Adductor Longus
Gracilis
Adductor magnus

Question 4

The four largest ligaments of the knee?

Answer 4

Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Medial Collateral Ligament, Lateral Collateral Ligament.

Question 5

The three largest ligaments of the hip?

Answer 5

iliofemoral ligament, the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

Question 6

Function of PCL?

Answer 6

Prevents posterior displacement of tibia relative to femur.

Question 7

Function of Medial Collateral Ligament?

Answer 7

Reinforces medially

Broad & flat

Question 8

Function of Lateral Collateral Ligament?

Answer 8

Reinforces laterally

Cord like

Question 9

What is the menisci? And what they do?

Answer 9

Medial menisci: attached at margins to joint capsule and tibial collateral ligament. Wider, larger.
Lateral: Smaller. Not attached to joint capsule

Distribute load; conform to articular surfaces as joint moves; deepen articular surface of tibia.

Question 10

What muscles flex the knee?

Answer 10

Anterior Thigh (Sartorius): O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, N: Femoral (L2,3).

Question 11

What muscles extend the knee?

Answer 11

Quadriceps (Vasti): O: shaft of femur, greater trochanter, linea aspera. N: Femoral (L2-4).
Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris): O: Anterior inferior iliac spine, upper acetabulum. N: Femoral (L2-4).
Semitendinosus (superficial) and Semimembranosus (Deep): extend hip, flex knee, N: Sciatic (tibial portion)
Biceps Femoris: extend hip, flex knee, N: long head tibial nerve(sciatic), short head - common fibular nerve (sciatic)

Question 12

What are the boundaries and the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 12

The popliteal fossa is diamond shaped with four borders. These borders are formed by the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and thigh: semimembranosus with the semitendinosus superficial to it; biceps femoris; medial head of gastrocnemius.