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repro anatomy > pelvis and perineum > Flashcards

pelvis and perineum Flashcards

1
Q

what is pelvic inlet

A

marks boundary between greater pelvis and lesser pelvis

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2
Q

posterior border of pelvic inlet

A

sacral promontory and sacral wings

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3
Q

lateral border pelvic inlet

A

arcuate line on the inner surface of ilium and pectineal line on superior pubic ramus

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4
Q

anterior border pelvic inlet

A

pubic symphysis

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5
Q

linea terminalis

A

combined pectineal line, arcuate line and sacral promontory

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6
Q

iliopectineal line

A

combined arcuate and pectineal lines

represents lateral border of pelvic inlet

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7
Q

pelvic outlet

A

inferior opening of pelvis and is formed by bony features and ligaments
located at the end of the lesser pelvis and at beginning of pelvic wall

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8
Q

posterior border pelvic outlet

A

tip of coccyx

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9
Q

lateral border pelvic outlet

A

ischial tuberosities and inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament

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10
Q

anterior border of pelvic outlet

A

pubic arch

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11
Q

true pelvis

A

aka lesser pelvis, located inferiorly

within lesser pelvis reside pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera

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12
Q

false pelvis

A

aka greater pelvis, located superiorly

provides support of lower abdominal viscera (e.g. ileum, sigmoid colon)

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13
Q

junction between greater and lesser pelvis

A

pelvis inlet

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14
Q

pelvic brim

A

outer bony edges of pelvic inlet

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15
Q

what type of joint is sacroiliac joint

A

synovial plane joint

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16
Q

what type of joint is pubic symphysis

A

secondary cartilaginous joint

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17
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: greater pelvis

A

f: shallow
m: deep

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18
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: lesser pelvis

A

F: wide and shallow
M: narrow and deep

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19
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: pelvic inlet

A

F: oval shape
M: heart shape

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20
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: pelvic outlet

A

F: comparitively large
M: comparitevely small

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21
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: subpubic angle

A

F: obtuse >90
M: acute <90

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22
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: acetabulum

A

F: small
M: large

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23
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: obturator foramen

A

F: small
M: large

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24
Q

diagonal conjugate

A

measures from inferior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory

can be measured manually via vagina

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25
obsetric conjugate
narrowest fixed distance foetus needs to negotiate distance between scral promontory and midpooint of pubis symphysis (cannot b etaken clinically due to presence of bladder)
26
anterior-inferior wall of pelvic cavity
bodies and rami of the pubic bones and pubic symphysis
27
posterior wall of pelvic cavity
piriformis muscle (on which sacral plexus lies)
28
lateral walls of pelvic cavity
obturator internus and piriformis muscles
29
2 significant gaps in the pelvic floor
urogenital hiatus: anteriorly situated, allows passage of urethra (+ vagina in F) rectal hiatus: centrally positioned, passage of anal canal
30
perineal body
irregular fibromuscular mass | joins pelvic floor to perineum
31
anococcygeal body
a musculofibrous band that passes between anus and coccyx
32
functions of pelvic floor
- support abdomoinopelvic viscera (bladder, intestines, uterus etc) through tonic contraction - resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdo pressure during activites such as coughing, lifting heavy objects - urinary and faecal continence: muscle fibres have sphincter action on rectum and urethra. they relax to allow urination and defecatoin
33
what 2 muscles make up majority of pelvic floor
levator ani muscles (3 paired muscles) coccygeus muscles
34
what are the 3 muscles of levator ani
pubococcygeus puborectalis iliococcygeus
35
levator ani muscles attachments to pelvis (anterior, lateral, posterior)
ant: pubic bodies of pelvic bones lat: thickened fascia of obturator internus muscle, known as tendinous arch pos: ischial spines of pelvic bones
36
innervation of levator ani muscles
anterior ramus S4 and branches of pudendal nerve (roots S2, S3 + S4)
37
innervation + attachments of coccygeus muscle
anterior rami S4 + S5 originates ischial spines and travels to lateral aspect sacrum and coccyx, along sacrospinous ligament
38
cystocele
prolapsed bladder
39
rectocele
herniation of front wall of rectum into back of vagina
40
what pelvic floor muscle is usually torn during childbirth
pubococcygeus of levator ani
41
what level does common iliac bifurfact
L5-S1
42
branches of anterior trunk of internal iliac artery
``` obturator artery umbilical artery inferior vesical artery vaginal artery uterine artery middle rectal artery internal pudendal artery inferior gluteal artery ```
43
branches of posterior trunk of internal iliac artery
iliolumbar artery lateral sacral arteries (sup + inf) superior gluteal artery
44
what does it supply and what does it branch from: superior and inferior vesical arteries
bladder, seminal gland + prostate anterior trunk of internal iliac a.
45
what does it supply and what does it branch from: uterine artery
pelvic part of ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, uterine tube and vagina ant trunk of internal iliac a.
46
what does it supply and what does it branch from: gonadal artery (testicular or ovarian)
testis or ovary abdominal aorta
47
what does it supply and what does it branch from: superior rectal artery
rectum terminal continuation of inferior mesenteric artery
48
what does it supply and what does it branch from: middle + inferior rectal arteries
seminal gland, prostate + rectum ant trunk of internal iliac a.
49
what does it supply and what does it branch from: vaginal artery
vagina and branches to inferior part of urinary bladder uterine artery
50
what does it supply and what does it branch from: internal pudendal artery
main artery to perineum ant trunk of internal iliac a.
51
what does it supply and what does it branch from: obturator artery
pelvic muscles (thigh adductor region) ant trunk of internal iliac a.
52
3 main veins involved in venous drainage of pelvis
external iliac vein internal iliac vein common iliac vein
53
external iliac vein formatation and what it drains
continuation of femoral vein, arising when femoral vein crosses underneath inguinal ligament recieves inferior epigastric and deep circumflex veins
54
internal iliac vein formation and what is drains
formed near greater sciatic foramen ``` recieves from: sup + inf gluteal veins internal pudendal vein obturator vein lateral sacral veins middle rectal vein vesical veins uterina + vaginal veins ```
55
common iliac vein formation and what it recieves from
formed at upper margin of pubic symphysis by union of external and internal iliac veins 2 additional tributaries - iliolumbar vein - middle sacral vein
56
when is IVC formed
L5
57
what does superior rectal vein empty into
portal venous system
58
what do middle and inferior rectal veins empty intp
systemic venous system
59
what does prostatic venous plexus communicate posteriorly with
internal vertebral venous plexus
60
ilioinguinal nerve root and what it supplies
L1 enters inguinal via superficial inguinal ring to supply skin at root of penis/labia
61
genitofemoral nerve root and supplies?
L1-2 enters at deep inguinal ring anterior scrotal skin
62
sympathetic fibres to pelvis root what they supply
L1 and L2 via hypogastric nerve and terminal aspect of sympathetic trunk sympathetic supply to all internal pelvic organs M: vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate + epididymis F: ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina
63
parasympathetic fibres to pelvis root what they supply
originate from pelvis splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) parasympathetic supply to all internal pelvis organs innervate erectile tissues in male and female
64
what are the 4 lymph node groups of pelvis
external iliac nodes internal iliac nodes sacral nodes common iliac nodes
65
what areas do external iliac lymph nodes drain
inguinal lymph nodes | pelvic viscera
66
what areas do interna l iliac lymph nodes drain
gluteal region deep perineum inferior pelvic viscera
67
what areas do sacral lymph nodes drain
postero-inferior pelvic viscera
68
what areas do common iliac lymph nodes drain
drainage from 3 main groups: external, internal and sacral nodes
69
what does internal pudendal artery do once it arises from internal iliac a
leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen then curves round and enters again via lesser sciatic foramen
70
what structures pass through greater sciatic foramen
sup + inf gluteal a. v. n. sciatic nerve pudendal nerve
71
what structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen
internal pudendal artery and vein pudendal nerve nerve to obturator internus

repro anatomy (6 decks)

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