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repro anatomy > pelvis and perineum > Flashcards

pelvis and perineum Flashcards

1
Q

what is pelvic inlet

A

marks boundary between greater pelvis and lesser pelvis

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2
Q

posterior border of pelvic inlet

A

sacral promontory and sacral wings

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3
Q

lateral border pelvic inlet

A

arcuate line on the inner surface of ilium and pectineal line on superior pubic ramus

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4
Q

anterior border pelvic inlet

A

pubic symphysis

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5
Q

linea terminalis

A

combined pectineal line, arcuate line and sacral promontory

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6
Q

iliopectineal line

A

combined arcuate and pectineal lines

represents lateral border of pelvic inlet

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7
Q

pelvic outlet

A

inferior opening of pelvis and is formed by bony features and ligaments
located at the end of the lesser pelvis and at beginning of pelvic wall

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8
Q

posterior border pelvic outlet

A

tip of coccyx

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9
Q

lateral border pelvic outlet

A

ischial tuberosities and inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament

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10
Q

anterior border of pelvic outlet

A

pubic arch

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11
Q

true pelvis

A

aka lesser pelvis, located inferiorly

within lesser pelvis reside pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera

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12
Q

false pelvis

A

aka greater pelvis, located superiorly

provides support of lower abdominal viscera (e.g. ileum, sigmoid colon)

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13
Q

junction between greater and lesser pelvis

A

pelvis inlet

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14
Q

pelvic brim

A

outer bony edges of pelvic inlet

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15
Q

what type of joint is sacroiliac joint

A

synovial plane joint

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16
Q

what type of joint is pubic symphysis

A

secondary cartilaginous joint

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17
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: greater pelvis

A

f: shallow
m: deep

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18
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: lesser pelvis

A

F: wide and shallow
M: narrow and deep

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19
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: pelvic inlet

A

F: oval shape
M: heart shape

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20
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: pelvic outlet

A

F: comparitively large
M: comparitevely small

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21
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: subpubic angle

A

F: obtuse >90
M: acute <90

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22
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: acetabulum

A

F: small
M: large

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23
Q

comparing female and male pelvis: obturator foramen

A

F: small
M: large

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24
Q

diagonal conjugate

A

measures from inferior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory

can be measured manually via vagina

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25
Q

obsetric conjugate

A

narrowest fixed distance foetus needs to negotiate

distance between scral promontory and midpooint of pubis symphysis (cannot b etaken clinically due to presence of bladder)

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26
Q

anterior-inferior wall of pelvic cavity

A

bodies and rami of the pubic bones and pubic symphysis

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27
Q

posterior wall of pelvic cavity

A

piriformis muscle (on which sacral plexus lies)

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28
Q

lateral walls of pelvic cavity

A

obturator internus and piriformis muscles

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29
Q

2 significant gaps in the pelvic floor

A

urogenital hiatus: anteriorly situated, allows passage of urethra (+ vagina in F)

rectal hiatus: centrally positioned, passage of anal canal

30
Q

perineal body

A

irregular fibromuscular mass

joins pelvic floor to perineum

31
Q

anococcygeal body

A

a musculofibrous band that passes between anus and coccyx

32
Q

functions of pelvic floor

A
  • support abdomoinopelvic viscera (bladder, intestines, uterus etc) through tonic contraction
  • resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdo pressure during activites such as coughing, lifting heavy objects
  • urinary and faecal continence: muscle fibres have sphincter action on rectum and urethra. they relax to allow urination and defecatoin
33
Q

what 2 muscles make up majority of pelvic floor

A

levator ani muscles (3 paired muscles)

coccygeus muscles

34
Q

what are the 3 muscles of levator ani

A

pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus

35
Q

levator ani muscles attachments to pelvis (anterior, lateral, posterior)

A

ant: pubic bodies of pelvic bones
lat: thickened fascia of obturator internus muscle, known as tendinous arch
pos: ischial spines of pelvic bones

36
Q

innervation of levator ani muscles

A

anterior ramus S4 and branches of pudendal nerve (roots S2, S3 + S4)

37
Q

innervation + attachments of coccygeus muscle

A

anterior rami S4 + S5

originates ischial spines and travels to lateral aspect sacrum and coccyx, along sacrospinous ligament

38
Q

cystocele

A

prolapsed bladder

39
Q

rectocele

A

herniation of front wall of rectum into back of vagina

40
Q

what pelvic floor muscle is usually torn during childbirth

A

pubococcygeus of levator ani

41
Q

what level does common iliac bifurfact

A

L5-S1

42
Q

branches of anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

A 
obturator artery 
umbilical artery 
inferior vesical artery 
vaginal artery 
uterine artery 
middle rectal artery 
internal pudendal artery 
inferior gluteal artery
43
Q

branches of posterior trunk of internal iliac artery

A

iliolumbar artery
lateral sacral arteries (sup + inf)
superior gluteal artery

44
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: superior and inferior vesical arteries

A

bladder, seminal gland + prostate

anterior trunk of internal iliac a.

45
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: uterine artery

A

pelvic part of ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, uterine tube and vagina

ant trunk of internal iliac a.

46
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: gonadal artery (testicular or ovarian)

A

testis or ovary

abdominal aorta

47
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: superior rectal artery

A

rectum

terminal continuation of inferior mesenteric artery

48
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: middle + inferior rectal arteries

A

seminal gland, prostate + rectum

ant trunk of internal iliac a.

49
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: vaginal artery

A

vagina and branches to inferior part of urinary bladder

uterine artery

50
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: internal pudendal artery

A

main artery to perineum

ant trunk of internal iliac a.

51
Q

what does it supply and what does it branch from: obturator artery

A

pelvic muscles (thigh adductor region)

ant trunk of internal iliac a.

52
Q

3 main veins involved in venous drainage of pelvis

A

external iliac vein
internal iliac vein
common iliac vein

53
Q

external iliac vein formatation and what it drains

A

continuation of femoral vein, arising when femoral vein crosses underneath inguinal ligament

recieves inferior epigastric and deep circumflex veins

54
Q

internal iliac vein formation and what is drains

A

formed near greater sciatic foramen

recieves from: 
sup + inf gluteal veins 
internal pudendal vein 
obturator vein 
lateral sacral veins
middle rectal vein 
vesical veins 
uterina + vaginal veins
55
Q

common iliac vein formation and what it recieves from

A

formed at upper margin of pubic symphysis by union of external and internal iliac veins

2 additional tributaries

  • iliolumbar vein
  • middle sacral vein
56
Q

when is IVC formed

A

L5

57
Q

what does superior rectal vein empty into

A

portal venous system

58
Q

what do middle and inferior rectal veins empty intp

A

systemic venous system

59
Q

what does prostatic venous plexus communicate posteriorly with

A

internal vertebral venous plexus

60
Q

ilioinguinal nerve root and what it supplies

A

L1

enters inguinal via superficial inguinal ring to supply skin at root of penis/labia

61
Q

genitofemoral nerve root and supplies?

A

L1-2
enters at deep inguinal ring

anterior scrotal skin

62
Q

sympathetic fibres to pelvis
root
what they supply

A

L1 and L2 via hypogastric nerve and terminal aspect of sympathetic trunk

sympathetic supply to all internal pelvic organs

M: vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate + epididymis

F: ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina

63
Q

parasympathetic fibres to pelvis
root
what they supply

A

originate from pelvis splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

parasympathetic supply to all internal pelvis organs
innervate erectile tissues in male and female

64
Q

what are the 4 lymph node groups of pelvis

A

external iliac nodes
internal iliac nodes
sacral nodes
common iliac nodes

65
Q

what areas do external iliac lymph nodes drain

A

inguinal lymph nodes

pelvic viscera

66
Q

what areas do interna l iliac lymph nodes drain

A

gluteal region
deep perineum
inferior pelvic viscera

67
Q

what areas do sacral lymph nodes drain

A

postero-inferior pelvic viscera

68
Q

what areas do common iliac lymph nodes drain

A

drainage from 3 main groups: external, internal and sacral nodes

69
Q

what does internal pudendal artery do once it arises from internal iliac a

A

leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen then curves round and enters again via lesser sciatic foramen

70
Q

what structures pass through greater sciatic foramen

A

sup + inf gluteal a. v. n.
sciatic nerve
pudendal nerve

71
Q

what structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen

A

internal pudendal artery and vein
pudendal nerve
nerve to obturator internus

repro anatomy (6 decks)

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