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anatomy 4 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the perineum

A

inferior to pelvic diaphragm (floor), most inferior portion of trunk

located between thighs, most inferior part of pelvic outlet

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2
Q

how is perineum separated from pelvic cavity superiorly

A

pelvic floor

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3
Q

anterior border of perineum

A

pubic symphysis

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4
Q

posterior border of perineum

A

tip of coccyx

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5
Q

lateral borders of perineum

A

inferior pubic rami and inferior ischial rami

and the sacrotuberous ligaments

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6
Q

roof of perineum

A

pelvic floor

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7
Q

base of perineum

A

skin and fascia

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8
Q

how can perineum be subdivided

A

theoretical line drawn transveresly between the ischial tuberosities

anterior urogenital triangle
posterior anal triagnle

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9
Q

boundaries of anal triangle

A

coccyx
sacrtotuberous ligaments
theoretical line between ischial tuberosities

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10
Q

main contents of anal triangle

A

anal aperture (opening of anus)

external anal sphincter

ichionanal fossae (x2): spaces lateral to anus

pudendal nerve

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11
Q

what do ischionanal fossae do

A

contain fat and connective tissue

allow for expansion of anal canal during defecation

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12
Q

where to ischionanal fossae extend

A

from skin of anal region (inf.) to pelvic diaphragm (sup)

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13
Q

layers of urogenital traingle (deep to superficial)

A 
deep peritoneal pouch 
perineal membrane 
superficial perineal pouch 
perineal fascia 
skin
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14
Q

deep peritoneal pouch of urogenital triangle

A

potential space between deep fascia of pelvic floor and perineal membrane

contains urethra, external urethral sphincter, vagina/bulbourethral glands, deep transverse perineal muscles

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15
Q

perineal membrane of urogenital triangle

A

layer of tough fasia, perforated by urethra and vagina

attachment for muscles of external genitalia

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16
Q

superficial perineal pouch of urogenital triangle

A

potential space between perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia

contains erectile tissues that form penis and clitoris
contains 3 mucles: ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscles

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17
Q

perineal fascia of urogenital triangle

A

continuity of abdominal fascia

2 components: deep fascia and superficial fascia

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18
Q

skin of urogenital triangle

A

urethral and vaginal orifices open out onto skin

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19
Q

perineal body

A

irregular fibromuscular mass located at junction of urogenital and anal triangles- central point of perineum

contains skeletalmuscle, smooth muscle and collagenous + elastic fibres

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20
Q

what does perineal body do

A

point of attachment for muscle fibres from pelvic floor and perineum itself

in woman acts as teat resistant body between vagina and external anal sphincter, supporting posterior part of vaginal wall against prolapse

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21
Q

3 parts of male urethra

A

prostatic: widest and most dilatable bit, recieves ejaculatory ducts and prostatic ducts
membranous: narrowest and least dilatable bit, surrounded by external urethral sphincter

penile (bulbous)

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22
Q

arterial supply to male urethra

A

prostatic urethra: inferior vesical artery

membranous urethra: bulbourethral artery

penile urethra: branches of internal pudendal artery

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23
Q

nerve supply to male urethral

A

derived from prostatic plexus

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24
Q

2 main functions of penis

A

sexual intercourse

micturition

25
what comprises penis
left and right corpus cavernosa corpus spongiosum glans penis (covered by prepuce - foreskin)
26
3 parts of penis
root body glans
27
root of penis
most proximal, fixed part of penis in superficial perineal pouch and not visible externally contains 3 erectile tissues: 2 crura and bulb of penis contains 2 muscles: ischiocarvernosus and bulbospongiosus
28
body of penis
suspended from pubic symphysis, composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue: 2 corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum
29
glans of penis
most distal part conical in shape and formed by distal expansion of corpus spongiosum contains external urethral orifice
30
what happens to erectile tissues during sexual arousal
fill with blood
31
what are the 3 erectie tissues of penis
left and right crura | bulb of penis
32
where is bulb of penis
midline of penile root, traversed by the urethra
33
where are L + R crura
laterally, attached to ispilateral ischial ramus and covered by paired ischiocavernosal musles
34
how is urethral occlusion avoided during an erection
corpus spongiosum fills to a reduced pressure
35
what does the bulb of penis form
corpus spongiosum
36
what are the 4 muscles in root of penis
2x bulbospongiosus 2x ischiocavenosus
37
fascial coverings of the erectile tissues
external fascia of colles deep fascia of penis tunica albuginea
38
2 ligaments supporting root of penis
suspensory ligament | fundiform ligament
39
arterial supply of penis
dorsal arteries of penis deep arteries of penis bulbourethral artery all from internal pudendal artery
40
venous drainage of penis
cavernous spaces drained by deep dorsal vein of penis which empties into prostatic venous plexus superficial dorsal veins drain superficial structures e.g. skin + cutaneous tissues
41
nerve supply to penis
penis is supplied by S2-S4 spinal cord segments + spinal ganglia sensory + sympathetic innervation to skin and glans penis supplies by dorsal nerve of penis (branch pudendal nerve) parasympathetic carried by cavernous nerves from peri-prostatic plexus, responsible for vascular changes which cause erection
42
vulva
collective name for female external genitalia
43
functions of vulva
sensory tissue during sexual intercourse assists in micturition by directing flow of urine protects internal female reproductive tract from infections
44
structures of the vulva
``` mon pubis labia majora labia minora vestibule bartholin's glands clitoris ```
45
mon pubis
subcutaneous fat pad located anterior to pubic symphysis formed by fusion of labia majora
46
labia majora
2 hair-bearing external skin folds extend from mon pubis posteriorly to posterior commisure
47
what are labia majora derived from embryoloigcally
labioscrotal swellings
48
labia minora
2 hairless folds of skin within labia majora fuse anteriorly to form clitoral hood and extend posteriorly either side of vaginal opening merge posteriorly creating fold of skin known as fourchette
49
what are labia minora derived from embryogically
urethral folds
50
vestibule
area enclosed by labia minora contains vagina (external vaginal orifice + vaginal introitus) and urethra
51
bartholin's glands
secrete lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal located either side of vaginal orifice
52
clitoris
located under clitoral hood formed of erectile corpora cavernosa tissue, which becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
53
what is clitoris derived from embryologically
genital tubercle
54
arterial supply to vulva
paired internal and external pudendal arteries (branches of internal iliac a and femoral a)
55
venous drainage of vulva
pudendal veins smaller labial veins contribute as tributaries
56
lymphatic drainage of vulva
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
57
sensory innervation to anterior vulva
ilioinguinal nerve | genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
58
sensory innervation to posterior vulva
pudendal nerve | posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
59
parasympathetic supple to clitoris and vestibule
cavernous nerves derived from uterovaginal plexus

repro anatomy (6 decks)

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