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repro anatomy > anatomy 4 > Flashcards

anatomy 4 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the perineum

A

inferior to pelvic diaphragm (floor), most inferior portion of trunk

located between thighs, most inferior part of pelvic outlet

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2
Q

how is perineum separated from pelvic cavity superiorly

A

pelvic floor

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3
Q

anterior border of perineum

A

pubic symphysis

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4
Q

posterior border of perineum

A

tip of coccyx

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5
Q

lateral borders of perineum

A

inferior pubic rami and inferior ischial rami

and the sacrotuberous ligaments

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6
Q

roof of perineum

A

pelvic floor

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7
Q

base of perineum

A

skin and fascia

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8
Q

how can perineum be subdivided

A

theoretical line drawn transveresly between the ischial tuberosities

anterior urogenital triangle
posterior anal triagnle

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9
Q

boundaries of anal triangle

A

coccyx
sacrtotuberous ligaments
theoretical line between ischial tuberosities

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10
Q

main contents of anal triangle

A

anal aperture (opening of anus)

external anal sphincter

ichionanal fossae (x2): spaces lateral to anus

pudendal nerve

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11
Q

what do ischionanal fossae do

A

contain fat and connective tissue

allow for expansion of anal canal during defecation

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12
Q

where to ischionanal fossae extend

A

from skin of anal region (inf.) to pelvic diaphragm (sup)

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13
Q

layers of urogenital traingle (deep to superficial)

A 
deep peritoneal pouch 
perineal membrane 
superficial perineal pouch 
perineal fascia 
skin
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14
Q

deep peritoneal pouch of urogenital triangle

A

potential space between deep fascia of pelvic floor and perineal membrane

contains urethra, external urethral sphincter, vagina/bulbourethral glands, deep transverse perineal muscles

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15
Q

perineal membrane of urogenital triangle

A

layer of tough fasia, perforated by urethra and vagina

attachment for muscles of external genitalia

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16
Q

superficial perineal pouch of urogenital triangle

A

potential space between perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia

contains erectile tissues that form penis and clitoris
contains 3 mucles: ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscles

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17
Q

perineal fascia of urogenital triangle

A

continuity of abdominal fascia

2 components: deep fascia and superficial fascia

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18
Q

skin of urogenital triangle

A

urethral and vaginal orifices open out onto skin

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19
Q

perineal body

A

irregular fibromuscular mass located at junction of urogenital and anal triangles- central point of perineum

contains skeletalmuscle, smooth muscle and collagenous + elastic fibres

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20
Q

what does perineal body do

A

point of attachment for muscle fibres from pelvic floor and perineum itself

in woman acts as teat resistant body between vagina and external anal sphincter, supporting posterior part of vaginal wall against prolapse

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21
Q

3 parts of male urethra

A

prostatic: widest and most dilatable bit, recieves ejaculatory ducts and prostatic ducts
membranous: narrowest and least dilatable bit, surrounded by external urethral sphincter

penile (bulbous)

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22
Q

arterial supply to male urethra

A

prostatic urethra: inferior vesical artery

membranous urethra: bulbourethral artery

penile urethra: branches of internal pudendal artery

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23
Q

nerve supply to male urethral

A

derived from prostatic plexus

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24
Q

2 main functions of penis

A

sexual intercourse

micturition

25
Q

what comprises penis

A

left and right corpus cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
glans penis (covered by prepuce - foreskin)

26
Q

3 parts of penis

A

root
body
glans

27
Q

root of penis

A

most proximal, fixed part of penis

in superficial perineal pouch and not visible externally

contains 3 erectile tissues: 2 crura and bulb of penis
contains 2 muscles: ischiocarvernosus and bulbospongiosus

28
Q

body of penis

A

suspended from pubic symphysis, composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue: 2 corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum

29
Q

glans of penis

A

most distal part
conical in shape and formed by distal expansion of corpus spongiosum

contains external urethral orifice

30
Q

what happens to erectile tissues during sexual arousal

A

fill with blood

31
Q

what are the 3 erectie tissues of penis

A

left and right crura

bulb of penis

32
Q

where is bulb of penis

A

midline of penile root, traversed by the urethra

33
Q

where are L + R crura

A

laterally, attached to ispilateral ischial ramus and covered by paired ischiocavernosal musles

34
Q

how is urethral occlusion avoided during an erection

A

corpus spongiosum fills to a reduced pressure

35
Q

what does the bulb of penis form

A

corpus spongiosum

36
Q

what are the 4 muscles in root of penis

A

2x bulbospongiosus

2x ischiocavenosus

37
Q

fascial coverings of the erectile tissues

A

external fascia of colles

deep fascia of penis

tunica albuginea

38
Q

2 ligaments supporting root of penis

A

suspensory ligament

fundiform ligament

39
Q

arterial supply of penis

A

dorsal arteries of penis
deep arteries of penis
bulbourethral artery

all from internal pudendal artery

40
Q

venous drainage of penis

A

cavernous spaces drained by deep dorsal vein of penis which empties into prostatic venous plexus

superficial dorsal veins drain superficial structures e.g. skin + cutaneous tissues

41
Q

nerve supply to penis

A

penis is supplied by S2-S4 spinal cord segments + spinal ganglia

sensory + sympathetic innervation to skin and glans penis supplies by dorsal nerve of penis (branch pudendal nerve)

parasympathetic carried by cavernous nerves from peri-prostatic plexus, responsible for vascular changes which cause erection

42
Q

vulva

A

collective name for female external genitalia

43
Q

functions of vulva

A

sensory tissue during sexual intercourse

assists in micturition by directing flow of urine

protects internal female reproductive tract from infections

44
Q

structures of the vulva

A 
mon pubis 
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule
bartholin's glands
clitoris
45
Q

mon pubis

A

subcutaneous fat pad located anterior to pubic symphysis

formed by fusion of labia majora

46
Q

labia majora

A

2 hair-bearing external skin folds

extend from mon pubis posteriorly to posterior commisure

47
Q

what are labia majora derived from embryoloigcally

A

labioscrotal swellings

48
Q

labia minora

A

2 hairless folds of skin
within labia majora

fuse anteriorly to form clitoral hood and extend posteriorly either side of vaginal opening

merge posteriorly creating fold of skin known as fourchette

49
Q

what are labia minora derived from embryogically

A

urethral folds

50
Q

vestibule

A

area enclosed by labia minora

contains vagina (external vaginal orifice + vaginal introitus) and urethra

51
Q

bartholin’s glands

A

secrete lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal

located either side of vaginal orifice

52
Q

clitoris

A

located under clitoral hood

formed of erectile corpora cavernosa tissue, which becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation

53
Q

what is clitoris derived from embryologically

A

genital tubercle

54
Q

arterial supply to vulva

A

paired internal and external pudendal arteries (branches of internal iliac a and femoral a)

55
Q

venous drainage of vulva

A

pudendal veins

smaller labial veins contribute as tributaries

56
Q

lymphatic drainage of vulva

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

57
Q

sensory innervation to anterior vulva

A

ilioinguinal nerve

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

58
Q

sensory innervation to posterior vulva

A

pudendal nerve

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

59
Q

parasympathetic supple to clitoris and vestibule

A

cavernous nerves derived from uterovaginal plexus

repro anatomy (6 decks)

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