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repro anatomy > male repro > Flashcards

male repro Flashcards

1
Q

4 categories of male reproductive organs

A
  • external genitalia
  • the gonads: gamates and sex hormones produced
  • tube system: transporting sperm
  • accessory glands: support sperm and lubricate compulsory organs
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2
Q

how do the testis reach the scrotum

A

descend down abdomen and through inguinal canal

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3
Q

where is spermatic cord formed

A

opening of inguinal canal, known as deep inguinal ring, this opening is lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

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4
Q

3 fascial coverings of the spermatic cord

A

external spermatic fascia: derived from deep subcutaneous fascia

cremaster muscle and fascia: derived from internal oblique muscle + its fascial covering

internal spermatic fascia: derived from transversalis fascia

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5
Q

contents of spermatic cord

A

blood vessels:

  • testicular artery
  • cremasteric artery and vein
  • artery to vas deferens
  • pampiniform plexus of testicular veins

nerves:

  • genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • autonomic nerves

other:

  • vas deferens
  • processus vaginalis (fused shut in adults)
  • lymph vessels
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6
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis and how many layers

A

covering of the anterior surface and sides of each testicle, inside the scortum

parietal and visceral layers with a small amount of fluid in between laters, allowing testes to move freely inside scrotum

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7
Q

what is tunica albuginea

A

protects testicular parenchyma

fibrous capsule that encloses testes

penetrates into parenchyma of each testicle with diaphragms, dividing it into lobules

tough fibrous outer layer

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8
Q

hydrocele

A

collection of serous fluid within tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

haematocoele

A

collection of blood in tunica vaginalis

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10
Q

where and from what do testicular arteries arise

A

abdominal aorta at L2

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11
Q

what structures near pelvic brim do testicular arteries cross before travelling through inguinal canal (2)

A

the ureters

inferior parts of external iliac arteries

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12
Q

what do testicular veins form

A

pampiniform venous plexus

consisting of 8-12 anastomosing veins lying anterior to ductus deferens

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13
Q

thermoregulatory funcition of pampiniform plexus

A

part of thermoregulatory system of the testis, helping to keep this gland at a constant temp

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14
Q

where does left testicular vein drain

A

left renal vein

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15
Q

where does right testicular vein drain

A

IVC

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16
Q

variocele

A

gross dilation of the veins draining the testis

a large one can look and feel like a bag of worms within scrotum

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17
Q

testicular torsion

A

emergency

blood supply completely cut off from one of testis, requires an operation and internal fixation of testis to scrotum

18
Q

where do lymphatics from testes drain

A

lumbar and para-aortic nodes, along lumbar vertebrae

19
Q

what is head of epididymis formed from

A

by the efferent tubules of the testes, which transport sperm from the testes to epididymis

20
Q

what is body of epididymis formed from

A

heavily coiled duct of epididymis

21
Q

course of travel of vas deferens

A

arises from tail of epididymis, traverses the inguinal canal and enters pelvis by crossing over external iliac vessels
terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct

22
Q

where are the seminal glands

A

located on either side of the posterior surface bladder

they are between the bladder fundus and rectum

23
Q

how is ejaculatory duct formed and where does it drain

A

duct of the seminal vesicles combines with vas deferens

drains into prostatic urethra

24
Q

what do fluids of seminal vesicles contain

A

alkaline fluid
fructose
prostaglandins
clotting factors

25
Q

where is prostate gland found

A

fused to inferior part (neck) of bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra

inferior to neck of bladder and superior to extrenal urethral sphincter

levator ani muscle lies inferolaterally to gland

posterior to prostate is ampulla of rectum

26
Q

what does prostate gland secrete

A

proteolytic enzymes, leave via prostatic duct

enzymes are secreted into the semen immediately before ejaculation

27
Q

histological central zone of prostate

A

surrounds ejaculatory ducts

~25% prostate volume

28
Q

histological transition zone of prostate

A

located centrally and surrounds urethra
5-10% prostate volume

glands of transitional zone are those that typically undergo benign hyperplasia

29
Q

histological peripheral zone of prostate

A

main body of gland (65%) and it located posteriorly

30
Q

proteolytic enzymes route of leaving prostate

A

leave prostate via prostatic ducts
these open into prostatic portion through 10-12 openings at each side of seminal colliculus

enymes secreted into semen right before ejaculation

31
Q

arterial supply to prostate

A

comes from prostatic arteries, which are mainly derived from internal iliac arteries

32
Q

venous drainage of prostate

A

via prostatic venous plexus, draining into internal iliac veins

33
Q

what are the bulbourethral glands

A

small paired structures located in urogenital diaphragm which empty into penile/spongy urethra

tubule-alveolar glands lined by columnar epithelium

34
Q

what do bulbourethral glands produce

A

during sexual arousal they produce a mucous secretion containing glycoproteins

(pre-ejaculate)

35
Q

functions of bulbourethral gland secretions

A
  • lubrication medium from urethra and tip of penis
  • expels any residue of urine, dead cells or mucous through the urethral meatus, preparing a clean and lubricated pathway for ejaculation

-helps to neutralise residual acidity in the male urethra (secretions are alkaline)

36
Q

arterial supply to bulbourethral glands

A

derived from arteries to bulb of the penis

37
Q

histological features of testis (seminiferous tubule)

A

convoluted tubules sectioned in various planes
4-8layers of cells
spermatozoa in lumen
leydig cells in intersitial spaces between tubules

38
Q

histological features of prostate

A

serous alveoli with infolding epithelium
trabeculae of muscular stroma
amorphous eosinphilic masses in alveoli in older men

39
Q

histological features of seminal vesicle

A

no sperm in lumen
highly recessed and irregular lumen
crypts and cavities giving honey-combed appearance
well-developed muscular externa

40
Q

histological features of ductus deferens

A

lumen stellate in shape
thick walled muscular tube
epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds

41
Q

lymphatic drainage testis

A

para aortic nodes

repro anatomy (6 decks)

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