Pelvis and perineum

Question 1

what is the bony pelvis formed of?

Answer 1

hip bones and sacrum

Question 2

three hip bones

Answer 2

ileum, ischium and pubis

Question 3

when do the hip bones fuse?

Answer 3

adolescence

Question 4

where do the hip bones fuse?

Answer 4

acetabulum

Question 5

what forms the pelvic inlet?

Answer 5

posterior border- sacral promontory

lateral border- iliopectineal line

anterior border- pubic symphysis

Question 6

more detailed pelvic inlet

Answer 6

posterior- promontory of sacrum, margin of ala

lateral- arcuate line of ileum

anterior- pectineal line of pubis and pubic crest

Question 7

why is the size of the pelvic inlet important?

Answer 7

foetal head must transverse the aperture during partuition

Question 8

pelvic outlet

Answer 8

posterior- tip of coccyx

lateral- ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament (ischiopubic rami)

anterior border- pubic arch

Question 9

pelvic walls definition

Answer 9

urogenital and pelvic diaphragm

superficial muscles such as the glutes

hip bones, sacrum and coccyx and associated ligaments

deep muscles, blood vesels, nerves and a peritoneum

Question 10

synonym for pelvic floor

Answer 10

pelvic diaphragm

Question 11

what forms the pelvic floor?

Answer 11

skeletal muscle supplied by somatic nerves and associated connective tissue

Question 12

function of pelvic floor

Answer 12

maintains and supports the position of pelvic viscera

important tole in anal continence and defecation

Question 13

structure of pelvic floor

Answer 13

gutter shape

right and left levator ani - pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

right and left coccygeus muscles

Question 14

pelvic organs

Answer 14

bladder, uterus, vagina and rectum

Question 15

location of pelvic organs

Answer 15

bladder- anterior, posterior to pubis

uterus- posterior to bladder, anterior to rectum, anteflexed, anteverted

rectum- posterior to uterus

Question 16

what is found directly beneath the pelvic floor?

Answer 16

perineal membrane

Question 17

what is the perineal membrane

Answer 17

strong connective tissue that stretches across the urogenital triangle between the ischiopubic rami

Question 18

different regions of the perineal membrane

Answer 18

separated from pubic symphysis by a small gap that allows veins from the penis and clitoris to pass

central, posterior part continuous with the perineal body

Question 19

where is the perineal body located in men and women?

Answer 19

men- midline between deep and superficial perineal spaces anteriorly and anal canal posteriorly

women- midline, between the lower end of the vagina and anal canal

Question 20

perineal body structure + function

Answer 20

small, wedge shaped mass of fibrous tissue

attachments to perineal membrane, levator ani and perineal muscles

ensures integrity of perineum and pelvic floor

Question 21

what is the perineum separated into?

Answer 21

Anal triangle and urogenital triangle by a line separating the two ischial tuberosities

Question 22

does the anal triangle have a perineal membrane?

Answer 22

no