Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductivity > MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

function of testes

A

dual function- produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

androgen definition

A

any natural or synthetic hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics by binding to androgen receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

three main androgens in males

A

testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

process of making sperm name

A

spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

primordial cells in males

A

spermatogonium A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is spermatogonium A produced?

A

by mitosis in the developing testes during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spermatogenesis definition

A

the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first stage of the process

A
  1. spermatogonial stem cells divide by mitosis into type A cells and type B cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

difference between type A and B

A

type A replenish stem cells

type B differentiate into primary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

spermatogenesis + locations

A
  1. spermatogonia B differentiate to produce spermatocytes- basal compartment
  2. first meiotic division forms secondary spermatocytes- adluminal compartment
  3. 2nd meiotic division forms round haploid spermatids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens to the spermatids?

A

transformed into spermatozoa (sperm) by spermiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

seminiferous tubules of the male testes

begins at the bottom part of the seminiferous tubule and progressively, as the cells get deeper into the tubes, moving along untilt he mature spermatozoa reach the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the sperm mature?

A

epididymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens during spermiogenesis?

A

DNA is packed more tightly

DNA packaged using protamines

chromatin forms an annulus, squished into the nuclear head of the sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mature sperm structure

A

haploid component of DNA protected by a cap

receptors for zona pellucida and oocyte

tail protein

acromosomal protein

oocyte receptor protein exposed after acrosomal reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is formed between the developing sperm + why?

A

cytoplasmic bridges between spermatids

ensure transfer of mRNA and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sertoli cell functions

A

support functions, blood-testis barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

explain blood testis barrier

A

form tight and occluding junctions that partitions the interstitial blood compartment of the testis from the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules

control the environment sperm develop in, preventing the body from being able to detect the spermatozoa which it would label as foreign

19
Q

support function explained

A

secrete nutrients, absorb waste and phagocytose defunct sperm

20
Q

how do the sperm pass through the tight junctions?

A

spermatocytes pass from basal to luminal side

bind tightly to sertoli cells, passing through

21
Q

Leydig cell functions

A

produce testosterone, DHEA

22
Q

explain sperm maturation

A

spermatozoa’s cytoplasmic droplet is lost

adds a glycoprotein coat to prevent premature acrosome reaction

concentrates spermatozoa, can maintain in storage

allows development of unidirectional motility

23
Q

why is sperm production constant?

A

different seminiferous tubules at different stages of spermatogenesis

24
Q

what is testes function controlled by?

A

LH and FSH

25
Q

explain hormone release

A
  1. gonadotropin releasing hormone released from hypothalamus
  2. GRH stimulates gonadotrophs in adenohypophysis to release LH and FSH
26
Q

FSH function

A

stimulates sertoli cell division

help develop the seminiferous tubules

sertoli cells then begin secreting inhibin and androgen binding protein

27
Q

LH function

A

binds to leydig cells, initiating testosterone production

28
Q

testosterone function

A

develop male reproductive tissues

promote the growth of the Wolffian duct and degeneration of the Mullerian duct
promote secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle, bone mass and growth of body hair

increased sebum production and acne, increased sex drive

29
Q

what are secondary sex characteristics?

A

features that appear during puberty in humans

30
Q

What can testosterone form?

A

dihydrotestosterone

31
Q

dihydrotestosterone function

A

potent agonist of the androgen receptor

prostate enlargement

facial, axillary, pubic and body hair growth

32
Q

androgen binding protein function

A

binds to testosterone, prevents breakdown

ensures development and maturation of sperm

33
Q

feedback

A

androgens to hypothalamus and the pituitary prevent over production

inhibin feedback to the pituitary ensures negative feedback loop, so not too much FSH

34
Q

three important stages of sexual function

A

erection, emission, ejaculation

35
Q

type of neural control of erection

A

parasympathetic

36
Q

explain erection

A

non-cholinergic NO, forms cyclic GMP leading to arteriolar vasodilation, compresses the veins

pressurised blood in corpus cavernosa- stiffens penis

elevates scrotum

elevates and swelling of testes

muscular walls of arteries relax

37
Q

two stages of ejaculation

A

emission and expulsion

38
Q

emission definiton

A

secretion of different components of the semen by the sex glands

39
Q

what occurs during emission?

A

contraction of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and relaxation of urethral sphincter

40
Q

type of neural control of emission

A

sympathetic noradrenaline

41
Q

expulsion definition

A

forceful release of semen due to rhythmic contraction of muscle

42
Q

what contracts to result in expulsion?

A

bulbospongiosis muscle

43
Q

type of neural control of expulsion

A

somatic, pudendal nerve

Reproductivity (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions