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Repro Anatomy > Pelvis and Perineum 4 > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the perineum lie?

A

Inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the most inferior portion of the trunk?

A

Perineum

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3
Q

What can the perineum be divided into?

A

Two triangle areas

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4
Q

Which bony landmarks create the boundaries of the perineum?

A

Pubic symphysis
Ischial tuberosity
Coccyx

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5
Q

What are the names of the 2 triangles?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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6
Q

What bony prominence separates the 2 triangles?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

What stretches between the right and left side of the pubic arch?

A

A thin sheet of deep fascia

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8
Q

What is the name of the thin sheet of deep fascia that stretches between the right and left side of the pubic arch?

A

Perineal fascia

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9
Q

What is the main action of the external anal sphincter?

A

Voluntary control of defaecation

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10
Q

What is the external anal sphincter innervated by?

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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11
Q

What is the main action of the superficial transverse perineal?

A

Constricts vagina and urethra

Maintains urinary continence

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12
Q

What is the superficial transverse perineal innervated by?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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13
Q

What is the main action of the Deep transverse perineal?

A

Fixation of the perineal body

Support the pelvic floor

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the deep transverse perineal?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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15
Q

What is the main action of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Compress urethra to maintain urinary continence

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Branches of the Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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17
Q

What is the main action of the bulbospongiosus (Male)?

A

Expel remaining urine from the urethra after the bladder has been completely emptied

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18
Q

What is the bulbospongiosus innervated by?

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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19
Q

What is the main action of the Bulbospongiosus (female)?

A

Clitoral erection and the contractions of orgasm

Closes the vagina

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20
Q

What is the main function of the Ischiocavernosus in Males?

A

Maintains penile erection

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21
Q

What is the main function of the Ischiocavernosus in females?

A

Maintains clitoral erection

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22
Q

What are 2 important muscle attachments in the perineum?

A

Perineal body

Anococcygeal body

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23
Q

What are the names of the 2 layers of fascia that are important for providing support for the pelvic organs?

A

Superior fascia

Pre-spetal

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24
Q

Which 2 structures pierce up through the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus muscle

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25
Is the urethra longer in males or females?
Males
26
What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic Urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra
27
What is the widest part of the male urethra?
Prostatic urethra
28
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
External urethral meatus
29
Why is he prostatic urethra the widest?
Because it is at risk of being narrowed by enlargement of the prostate
30
What is the penis comprised of?
Left and right corpus cavernosa | Single corpus spongiosum
31
What is the terminal aspect of the penis called?
Glans penis
32
What is the glans penis covered by?
Prepuce (foreskin)
33
What is the corpus cavernosa covered by?
Fascial layer
34
What is the fascial layer that covers the corpus cavernosa called?
Buck's fascia
35
What is the urethra transmitted through?
The corpus spongiosum
36
Where is the majority of the erectile tissue in the penis situated?
Corpus cavernosa
37
What is sensory innervation of the penis through?
The dorsal nerve of the penis
38
What is the dorsal nerve of the penis a branch of?
The pudendal nerve
39
Where does the urethra in the female open to?
The anterior aspect of the urogenital triangle | In front of the vagina
40
Where is the internal/vesical urethral sphincter located?
Inferiorly in the neck of the bladder
41
Is the internal/vesical urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
Involuntary
42
What is the innervation of the internal/vesicle urethral sphincter?
Sympathetic fibres from T10-T12
43
Where is the external urethral sphincter found in women?
Distally and inferiorly to the bladder neck | Between the vagina orrifice and clitoris
44
Where is the external urethral sphincter found in males?
At the same level as the membranous urethra
45
Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
Voluntary
46
What is the external urethral sphincter innervated by?
Pudendal nerve
47
What makes urinary incontinence more common in males?
Prostatic surgery
48
What makes urinary incontinence more common in females?
Childbirth | Weakens ligaments supporting pelvic floor
49
What is the collective name for female external genitalia?
Vulva
50
What are the contents of the vulva?
``` Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Vestibule Bartholin's glande Clitoris ```
51
What nerve supplies the contents of the vulva?
Pudendal nerve
52
What artery supplies the contents of the vulva?
Internal Pudendal artery
53
What is the vestibule?
The area enclosed by the labia minora
54
What does the vestibule contain?
The terminal aspects of the urethra and vagina
55
What is the clitoris?
Erectile tissue found within female external genitalia
56
What does the clitoris mirror in men?
Corpus cavernosa
57
What is the clitoris composed of?
2 Crura which meet in the midline to form the body
58
Where does the clitoris project downwards to?
To the prepuce gland
59
Where does the prepuce gland lie?
In the anterior labial commissure
60
What is the anal triangle?
The area between the ischial spine and the coccyx
61
What does the anal triangle contain?
Terminal part of the GI tract- Anus
62
Where does the anus run from?
The rectum to the external environment
63
How long is the anus?
Approx 4cm
64
How many sphincters control defaecation?
2
65
What are the 2 sphincters that control defaecation?
Internal anal sphincter | External anal sphincter
66
Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?
External anal sphincter
67
Which anal sphincter is under involuntary control?
Internal anal sphincter
68
Where does somatic sensation extend from and to?
From the external environment to the inter-sphincteric groove
69
Where are the ischio-anal (ischio-rectal) fossa?
Lateral to the anal canal | Inferior to the pelvic floor
70
What are the ischio-anal (ischio-rectal) fossa?
2 fat containing fossa
71
What is the function of the ischio-anal (ischio-rectal) fossa?
They allow the anal canal to expand during defaecation
72
Where does the neurovascular bundle enter the ischio-anal fossae?
Through the lesser sciatic foramen
73
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Repro Anatomy (4 decks)

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