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Repro Anatomy > Pelvis and Perineum 4 > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the perineum lie?

A

Inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the most inferior portion of the trunk?

A

Perineum

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3
Q

What can the perineum be divided into?

A

Two triangle areas

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4
Q

Which bony landmarks create the boundaries of the perineum?

A

Pubic symphysis
Ischial tuberosity
Coccyx

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5
Q

What are the names of the 2 triangles?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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6
Q

What bony prominence separates the 2 triangles?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

What stretches between the right and left side of the pubic arch?

A

A thin sheet of deep fascia

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8
Q

What is the name of the thin sheet of deep fascia that stretches between the right and left side of the pubic arch?

A

Perineal fascia

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9
Q

What is the main action of the external anal sphincter?

A

Voluntary control of defaecation

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10
Q

What is the external anal sphincter innervated by?

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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11
Q

What is the main action of the superficial transverse perineal?

A

Constricts vagina and urethra

Maintains urinary continence

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12
Q

What is the superficial transverse perineal innervated by?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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13
Q

What is the main action of the Deep transverse perineal?

A

Fixation of the perineal body

Support the pelvic floor

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the deep transverse perineal?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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15
Q

What is the main action of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Compress urethra to maintain urinary continence

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Branches of the Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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17
Q

What is the main action of the bulbospongiosus (Male)?

A

Expel remaining urine from the urethra after the bladder has been completely emptied

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18
Q

What is the bulbospongiosus innervated by?

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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19
Q

What is the main action of the Bulbospongiosus (female)?

A

Clitoral erection and the contractions of orgasm

Closes the vagina

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20
Q

What is the main function of the Ischiocavernosus in Males?

A

Maintains penile erection

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21
Q

What is the main function of the Ischiocavernosus in females?

A

Maintains clitoral erection

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22
Q

What are 2 important muscle attachments in the perineum?

A

Perineal body

Anococcygeal body

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23
Q

What are the names of the 2 layers of fascia that are important for providing support for the pelvic organs?

A

Superior fascia

Pre-spetal

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24
Q

Which 2 structures pierce up through the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus muscle

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25
Q

Is the urethra longer in males or females?

A

Males

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26
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic Urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

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27
Q

What is the widest part of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra

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28
Q

What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?

A

External urethral meatus

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29
Q

Why is he prostatic urethra the widest?

A

Because it is at risk of being narrowed by enlargement of the prostate

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30
Q

What is the penis comprised of?

A

Left and right corpus cavernosa

Single corpus spongiosum

31
Q

What is the terminal aspect of the penis called?

A

Glans penis

32
Q

What is the glans penis covered by?

A

Prepuce (foreskin)

33
Q

What is the corpus cavernosa covered by?

A

Fascial layer

34
Q

What is the fascial layer that covers the corpus cavernosa called?

A

Buck’s fascia

35
Q

What is the urethra transmitted through?

A

The corpus spongiosum

36
Q

Where is the majority of the erectile tissue in the penis situated?

A

Corpus cavernosa

37
Q

What is sensory innervation of the penis through?

A

The dorsal nerve of the penis

38
Q

What is the dorsal nerve of the penis a branch of?

A

The pudendal nerve

39
Q

Where does the urethra in the female open to?

A

The anterior aspect of the urogenital triangle

In front of the vagina

40
Q

Where is the internal/vesical urethral sphincter located?

A

Inferiorly in the neck of the bladder

41
Q

Is the internal/vesical urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

42
Q

What is the innervation of the internal/vesicle urethral sphincter?

A

Sympathetic fibres from T10-T12

43
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter found in women?

A

Distally and inferiorly to the bladder neck

Between the vagina orrifice and clitoris

44
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter found in males?

A

At the same level as the membranous urethra

45
Q

Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Voluntary

46
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter innervated by?

A

Pudendal nerve

47
Q

What makes urinary incontinence more common in males?

A

Prostatic surgery

48
Q

What makes urinary incontinence more common in females?

A

Childbirth

Weakens ligaments supporting pelvic floor

49
Q

What is the collective name for female external genitalia?

A

Vulva

50
Q

What are the contents of the vulva?

A 
Mons pubis 
Labia majora
Labia minora
Vestibule 
Bartholin's glande 
Clitoris
51
Q

What nerve supplies the contents of the vulva?

A

Pudendal nerve

52
Q

What artery supplies the contents of the vulva?

A

Internal Pudendal artery

53
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

The area enclosed by the labia minora

54
Q

What does the vestibule contain?

A

The terminal aspects of the urethra and vagina

55
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Erectile tissue found within female external genitalia

56
Q

What does the clitoris mirror in men?

A

Corpus cavernosa

57
Q

What is the clitoris composed of?

A

2 Crura which meet in the midline to form the body

58
Q

Where does the clitoris project downwards to?

A

To the prepuce gland

59
Q

Where does the prepuce gland lie?

A

In the anterior labial commissure

60
Q

What is the anal triangle?

A

The area between the ischial spine and the coccyx

61
Q

What does the anal triangle contain?

A

Terminal part of the GI tract- Anus

62
Q

Where does the anus run from?

A

The rectum to the external environment

63
Q

How long is the anus?

A

Approx 4cm

64
Q

How many sphincters control defaecation?

A

2

65
Q

What are the 2 sphincters that control defaecation?

A

Internal anal sphincter

External anal sphincter

66
Q

Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?

A

External anal sphincter

67
Q

Which anal sphincter is under involuntary control?

A

Internal anal sphincter

68
Q

Where does somatic sensation extend from and to?

A

From the external environment to the inter-sphincteric groove

69
Q

Where are the ischio-anal (ischio-rectal) fossa?

A

Lateral to the anal canal

Inferior to the pelvic floor

70
Q

What are the ischio-anal (ischio-rectal) fossa?

A

2 fat containing fossa

71
Q

What is the function of the ischio-anal (ischio-rectal) fossa?

A

They allow the anal canal to expand during defaecation

72
Q

Where does the neurovascular bundle enter the ischio-anal fossae?

A

Through the lesser sciatic foramen

73
Q

ADD MORE TO DECK- LAST 2 PARTS

A

Repro Anatomy (4 decks)

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