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Repro Anatomy > Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

The inferior opening of the pelvis

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2
Q

What is the true pelvis formed by?

A 
Pubis 
Ischium
Coccyx
Sacrum 
(PICS)
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3
Q

What is the false pelvis?

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Iliac Fossa
Abdominal wall

(LIA(R))

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4
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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5
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

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6
Q

How is the female greater pelvis described

A

Large and Broad

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7
Q

How is the male greater pelvis described?

A

Small and Narrow

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8
Q

How is the female pelvic inlet described?

A

Wide and Oval

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9
Q

How is the male pelvic inlet described?

A

Narrow and heart shaped

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10
Q

How is the female pelvic outlet described?

A

Wide

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11
Q

How is the male pelvic outlet described?

A

Narrow

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12
Q

What is the female suprapubic angle?

A

Obtuse

Greater than 90 degrees

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13
Q

What is the male suprapubic angle?

A

Acute

Less than 90 degress

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14
Q

What shape is the female obturator foramen?

A

Oval shaped

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15
Q

What shape is the male obturator foramen?

A

Rounded

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16
Q

Is the female acetabulum large or small?

A

Small

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17
Q

Is the male acetabulum large or small?

A

Large

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18
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet?

A

12cm

Anteroposterior

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19
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of pelvic outlet

A

11cm

Transverse

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20
Q

How is the female lesser pelvis described?

A

Flexible

Straight

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21
Q

How is the male lesser pelvis described?

A

Coccyx projects in and is immovable

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22
Q

What walls does the pelvic cavity have?

A

Antero-inferior
2 lateral walls
Posterior wall

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23
Q

What is the anterior-inferior formed by?

A

The bodies and the rami of the pubic bones

The pubic symphysis

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24
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Central tendon of the perineum

An irregular fibromuscular mass

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25
Q

Where is the perineal body located?

A

At the junction of the urogenital and anal triangles

the central point of the perineum

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26
Q

What does the perineal mass act as in women?

A

A tear resistant body between the vagina and the external anal sphincter

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27
Q

Where does the perineal body lie in the male?

A

Between the bulb of the penis and the anus

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28
Q

What is the anococcygeal body?

A

The muscle and fibrous tissue between the coccyx and anus

29
Q

What 2 muscles make up the majority of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

30
Q

Which pelvic floor muscle has 3 separate paired muscles?

A

Levator ani

31
Q

List 2 functions of the pelvic floor?

A

Support the abdominopelvic viscera

Resistance to increases in inta-pelvic/abdominal pressure

32
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic floor?

A

Pudendal nerve

33
Q

What is the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

34
Q

What is cystocele?

A

A condition where the bladder bulges into the vagina

Weakening of the wall between the bladder and vagina

35
Q

What does cystocele cause?

A

Frequent urination

Pain during sexual intercourse

36
Q

What is rectocele?

A

Wall which separates the rectum from the vagina is weakened

Vaginal wall bulges

37
Q

What injury to the pelvic floor during childbirth is common and potentially damaging?

A

Anal continence

38
Q

What are the main pelvic viscera (organs) in the female?

A

Bladder
Bowel
Uterus

39
Q

What are the main pelvic viscera (organs) in a man?

A

Bladder

Bowel

40
Q

Branches of which arteries distribute blood to most of the pelvic organs?

A

Left and right internal iliac arteries

41
Q

What is the function of the pelvic floor?

A

Separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum

Attaches the walls of the lesser pelvis

42
Q

What are the gaps in the pelvic floor called?

A

Urogenital hiatus

Rectus hiatus

43
Q

Where is the perineal body situated?

A

Between the rectus hiatus and the urogenital hiatus

44
Q

Which venous plexus does prostatic venous plexus communicate with on the posterior side?

A

Internal Vertebral Venous plexus

45
Q

Which somatic nerves supply the pelvis organs?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Pudendal nerve

46
Q

From which vertebral level does the ilioinguinal nerve originate?

A

L1

47
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?

A

At the superficial inguinal ring

48
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply in the male?

A

The skin at the root of the penis

49
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply in the female?

A

The skin of the labia

50
Q

At which vertebral level does the genitofemoral nerve originate?

A

L1-L2

51
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?

A

At the deep inguinal ring

52
Q

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply?

A

Cremaster muscle

Anterior scrotal skin

53
Q

What does the pudendal nerve arise from?

A

The sacral plexus

54
Q

What does the pudendal nerve follow the course of?

A

The pudendal artery

55
Q

What does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

The skin and muscles of the perineum

56
Q

Which segmental levels does the pudendal nerve arise?

A

S2-S4

57
Q

What bony landmarks are used when performing a pudendal nerve block during labour?

A

Ischial spine

58
Q

What does the autonomic nerve supply to the pelvis originate from?

A

The Pelvic Plexus

59
Q

What is another term for the pelvic plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric

60
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres of the autonomic system originate from?

A

L1 and L2 via the hypogastric nerve and terminal aspect of the sympathetic trunk

61
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres of the autonomic system supply?

A

Sympathetic supply to all the internal pelvic organs

62
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres of the autonomic system supply in the male?

A

Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Epididymis

63
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres of the autonomic system supply in the female?

A

Ovaries
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Vagina

64
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres of the autonomic system originate from?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

65
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibres of the autonomic system supply in the males and females?

A

Erectile tissue

66
Q

What do the external iliac nodes drain?

A 
Bladder
Prostate 
Urethra 
Cervix
Upper part of vagina
67
Q

What do the internal iliac nodes drain?

A

Gluteal region
Deep perineum
Inferior pelvic viscera

68
Q

What do the sacral lymph nodes drain?

A

Rectum

Posterior pelvis

69
Q

What do the common iliac nodes drain?

A

External iliac nodes
Internal iliac nodes
Sacral lymph nodes

Repro Anatomy (4 decks)

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