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Repro Anatomy > Pelvis and Perineum 3 > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the female reproductive system include?

A

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Vagina
Ovaries

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2
Q

Which 3 structures constitute the birth canal?

A

Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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4
Q

What does the uterus develop into as pregnancy advances?

A

Uterine body develops into:
Upper segment of the uterus
Lower segment of the uterus

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5
Q

What area of the uterine body does the lower segment of the uterus develop from?

A

Isthmus of the uterus

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6
Q

Which part of the uterus is opened during a Caesarean section?

A

Lower segment of the uterus

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7
Q

What is the area between the cervix and uterus called?

A

The isthmus of the uterus

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8
Q

What type of incision is made to deliver the baby in a caesarean section?

A

Transverse incision

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9
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus called?

A

Anteflexed and Anteverted

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10
Q

What does a retroverted uterus mean?

A

It is tilted back towards the spine rather than forward

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11
Q

What effect can a retroverted uterus have in pregnancy?

A

Back pain

Difficulty finding fetus with ultrasound

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12
Q

What are fornices of the vagina?

A

Protrusion of the cervix into the vaginal vault

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13
Q

What are the names of the 2 fornices?

A

Posterior vaginal fornix (larger)

Anterior vaginal fornix (smaller)

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14
Q

Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch?

A

Posterior vaginal fornix

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of the posterior vaginal fornix?

A

It acts as a natural reservoir for semen after intravaginal ejaculation

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16
Q

How are the uterus and cervix anchored in position in the pelvis?

A

Ligamentous attachments

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17
Q

What are the 4 main ligamentous attachments of the uterus and cervix?

A

Ligament of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Broad ligament

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18
Q

What are the attachments of ligament of ovary?

A

Attached to the ovary inferiorly

Joins uterus below the origin of fallopian tubes

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19
Q

What are the attachments of the suspensory ligament of ovary?

A

From the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall

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20
Q

What are the attachments of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Originates from uterine horns to the labia majora

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21
Q

What are the attachments of the broad ligament?

A

Connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis

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22
Q

Which ligament is known as the cardinal ligament?

A

Lateral cervical ligament
Transverse cervical ligament
Mackenrodt’s ligament

Major ligament of the uterus located at the base of the broad ligament

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23
Q

Is the cervix a fixed structure?

A

yes

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24
Q

Is the uterus a fixed structure

A

No- has the ability to move

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25
What are other names for uterine tubes?
Fallopian tubes | Oviducts
26
How are the uterine tubes divided?
Into 4 parts
27
What are the 4 parts of the uterine tubes
Infundibulum Fimbriae Ampulla Isthmus
28
What part of the uterine tube is the longest and widest?
Ampulla
29
Where in the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla
30
Where are the ovaries located?
Lateral walls of the pelvis
31
What are the ovaries supported by?
2 ligaments
32
What are the names of the 2 ligaments that support the ovaries?
Ovarian Ligament | Suspensory ligament of the ovary
33
What are the attachments of the proper ovarian ligament?
From uterus to ovary
34
What are the attachments of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
Ovary to lateral pelvic wall
35
Where is the blood supply to the ovaries from ?
the abdominal aorta
36
What is the name of the branches of the aorta that supply the ovaries?
Ovarian (gonadal) arteries
37
What vertebral level do the ovarian arteries branch off from the abdominal aorta?
L2
38
How do the ovarian arteries supply the ovaries?
The artery passes within the suspensory ligament and supplies the ovaries via the broad ligament
39
What does the ovarian artery freely anastomoses with?
Uterine artery
40
Where does the left ovarian vein drain?
Left renal vein
41
Where does the right ovarian vein drain?
Inferior vena cava
42
What does the uterine artery cross?
Ureter at the level of the ischial spine Junction of the cervix Lateral part of the fornix of vagina
43
What does the lymphatic drainage of the internal pelvic organs mainly follow?
Arterial supply and venous drainage
44
Which group of lymph nodes drain the ovaries?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
45
Which group of lymph nodes drain the fundus and upper uterine body?
Pre-aortic lymph nodes
46
Which group of lymph nodes drain the most part of the uterine body?
External iliac lymph nodes
47
Which group of lymph nodes drain the uterine cervix and upper vagina?
Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
48
Which group of lymph nodes drain the lower vagina?
Peri-rectal nodes
49
What are the breasts?
Highly modified exocrine glands
50
Where do breasts lie?
On the superficial fascia of the pectoral region
51
What do breasts form?
Important accessory organs of the female reproductive system
52
How many lobes do each breast consist of?
15-25 lobes
53
What do the lobes contain?
Tubulo-acinar glands (parenchyma ) | Stroma (connective tissue)
54
Where do breasts extend vertically?
2nd to the 6th rib
55
Where do breasts extend horizontally?
Lateral boarder of the sternum to the midaxillary line
56
Which muscles is the deep surface of the breast related to?
Pectoralis Major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior
57
What is the axillary tail of the breast?
An extension of breast tissue into the axilla
58
What is the vascular supply of the mammary gland?
Branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries
59
Which branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries supply the mammary glands?
Lateral thoracic artery Subclavian artery Internal thoracic artery Lateral mammary branches of posterior intercostal
60
What do the venous branches of the mammary gland correspond to?
The arterial supply
61
What are the names of the veins that drain the mammary gland?
Subclavian vein Lateral thoracic vein Internal thoracic vein Lateral mammary branches of posterior intercostal vein
62
What are the main groups of lymph nodes that drain the breast tissue?
``` Anterior (pectoral/ external mammary) nodes Central axillary nodes Apical axillary nodes Lateral (brachial) nodes Posterior (subscapular/scapular) ndoes ```
63
Where do the anterior nodes receive drainage from?
Lateral aspect of the breast and abdominal wall | Drain into the central group
64
Where do the apical axillary nodes drain?
Drainage from the upper extremity | Drains into the apical axillary
65
Where do the lateral nodes drain?
They receive majority of drainage from the upper extremity and drain into the apical axillary group
66
Where do the posterior nodes receive drainage from?
The posterior neck, shoulder and trunk
67
Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the lateral part of the breast tissue?
Anterior (pectoral) group
68
What type of changes does breast tissue undergo?
Cyclical changes in activity | Controlled by hormones involved in ovarian cycle
69
What are 4 functions of the placenta?
Gas exchange Hormone secretion Foetal protection Metabolic transfer
70
At what stage of labour does the placenta physiologically separate from the uterine wall?
Third stage of labour
71
What is the function of the umbilical arteries in the foetal circulation?
Carry deoxygenated, nutrient depleted blood from the foetus to the placenta
72
What structure does the umbilical vein persist as?
Round ligament of the liver
73
What is the function of the umbilical veins in the foetal circulation?
Oxygen rich blood returns to the foetus via the third vessel in the umbilical cord

Repro Anatomy (4 decks)

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