Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
the pelvis is composed of these three fused bones
ilium, ischium, pubis
the ___ joint transfers the weight of the trunk/upper limbs/head to the pelvis
sacroiliac joint
the sacroiliac joint is what kind of joint
synovial joint
the sacroiliac joint is reinforced by the ___ and ___ ligaments posteriorly
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
the pelvis is stabilized by this cartilaginous joint
pubic symphysis
the greater sciatic foramen is a doorway between ___ and ___ regions, while the lesser sciatic foramen is a doorway between ___ and ___
greater sciatic foramen - doorway between pelvic and gluteal region
lesser sciatic foramen - doorway between gluteal region and perineum
in the pelvis, the abdominal aorta divides into R/L…
common iliac arteries
common iliac artery divides into external/internal iliac arteries
the internal/external iliac artery continues deep to the inguinal ligament as the femoral artery
external iliac artery
the internal/external iliac artery supplies the pelvis, perineum, and gluteal reginos
internal iliac artery (branch of common iliac artery, which is branch of aorta)
the internal iliac artery (branch of common iliac which is branch of aorta) has 3 major branches that leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen:
superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal arteries
the internal pudendal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery. It leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen into the gluteal region. It then leaves the gluteal region (…. finish the sentence)
leaves gluteal region via lesser sciatic foramen to supply the perineum (passes along medial surface of ischial tuberosity and follows isciopubic ramus to supply sensation to external genitalia and motor supply to sphincter urethra)
the lumbar/sacral plexus gives rise to the femoral nerve?
lumbar plexus
femoral nerve innervates anterior thigh
this nerve innervates the medial thigh
obturator nerve (passes through obturator foramen)
the ___ plexus gives rise to the sciatic nerve
lumbosacral plexus
the pelvic diaphragm is formed by this muscle which attaches to the wall of the pelvis
levator ani
the levator ani (forming the pelvic diaphragm) is reinforced posteriorly by this small muscle
coccygeus
in the pelvic diaphragm, there is a posterior opening for the urinary and reproductive tracts called the
urogenital hiatus
what is the pelvic floor comprised of?
urogenital diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm
structures superior to the pelvic floor are in the ___ while structures inferior to the pelvic floor are in the ___
superior to pelvic floor = in pelvis
inferior to pelvic floor = in perineum
pouch of Douglas
recto-uterine space, where peritoneal cavity and vagina are very close to each other
at the ___, the uterine/fallopian tube surrounds the ovary
fimbria
the position of the uterus on top of the bladder is referred to as ___ and ____
anteverted and anteflexed
the pelvic inlet is a plane running from the ____ to the ____
the pelvic outlet is a plane running from the ____ to the ___
pelvic inlet = superior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory
pelvic outlet = inferior border of pubic symphysis to coccyx
the three parts of the male urethra are:
prostatic urethra (passes through prostate), membranous urethra (passes through urogenital diaphragm), penile urethra
external genitalia (male and female) are attached to the
urogenital diaphragm
this tendon lies between the vaginal orifice and anal canal
central perineal tendon - external anal sphincter, muscles of perineum, urogenital diaphragm, and pelvic diaphragm are attached to here
the ala of the sacrum articulates with the ileum to form the ___
sacroiliac joint
the piriformis muscle leaves the pelvis through the ____ and inserts on the ____
piriformis muscle leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inserts on the greater trochanter
match:
sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament
and
passing from sacrum down to ischial tuberosity
passing from ischial spine to sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament - passes from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
sacrospinous ligament - passes from ischial spine to sacrum (deeper ligament)
in the female perineum, the external genitalia are attached to the ____, which reinforces the pelvic floor
urogential diaphragm
the cervix, body, and fundus of the uterus is [anterior/posterior] to the bladder?
posterior
if you were to reflect the retroverted uterus anteriorly, you would find this pouch:
rectouterine pouch of Douglas
this ligament connects the uterus to the wall of the pelvis on each side
broad ligament
the medial attachment of the ovary is the ___
the lateral attachment of the ovary is the ___
medial attachment - round ligament
lateral attachment - suspensory ligament (contains ovarian vessels)
the origin of the inferior epigastric artery is the ___
external iliac artery
the femoral artery and vein pass deep to the ___ ligament to enter the thigh
inguinal ligament
the uterine artery is a branch of the ____ artery
internal iliac artery
pelvic inlet vs pelvic outlet vs diagonal conjugate
pelvic inlet: superior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory
pelvic outlet: inferior border of pubic symphysis to coccyx
diagonal conjugate: inferior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory
the [anterior/posterior] division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to the umbilical artery, which eventually becomes superior vesical artery
anterior division of internal iliac –> umbilical artery
what are the 3 layers of fascia in the scrotum?
superficial (camper’s) fascia
membranous (Scarpa) fascia
membranous fascia in scrotum is Colles fascia
the ___ is the pathway by which direct and indirect inguinal hernias pass into the scrotum
superficial inguinal ring
the inguinal ligament is formed by the inferior fibers of the ____
external oblique muscles
the veins of the ____ plexus surround the testicular artery
pampiniform plexus veins surround the testicular artery
the coiled tail of the epididymis becomes the ___
vas deferens
the testicular lobules are separated by connective tissue septa, which is derived from the dense outer covering of the testes called the ___
tunica albuginea
the male urethra is surrounded by ___
corpus spongiosum
match in males:
ventral/dorsal
corpus spongiosum/ corpus cavernosum
ventral: corpus spongiosum
dorsal: corpus cavernosum
the femoral nerve passes just lateral to the large ___ muscle
psoas muscle
medial and deep to the large psoas muscle is this nerve:
obturator nerve
the smooth area on the posterior bladder wall is called the
trigone, found in between the two slit-like openings for the ureters on each side
the blood supply of the gluteal region is supplied by the
internal iliac artery
the ovary receives its blood supply from which artery? internal iliac aorta internal pudendal external iliac
aorta
the uterus receives its blood supply from which artery? internal iliac aorta internal pudendal external iliac
internal iliac
the seminal vesicle are located on the [anterior/posterior] surface of the bladder?
posterior
the testicular artery and vein are contained in the ___
spermatic cord
